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PSYCH 100 Lecture 2
Biological Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Biological Psychology | The study of the brain and behavior |
| Define Neurons | Nerve cells specialized for communication |
| Define Central Nervous System (CNS) | Part of the Nervous System containing brain and spinal cord that enables mind and behavior |
| State 3 Functions of The Nervous System | (1) Receive information (input), (2) Integrate with past experiences (processing), (3) Guide actions (output) |
| Define Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain- Define Forebrain | Forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain- Define Cerebral Cortex | The outermost part of the forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex- Define Corpus Callosum | Large band of fibers connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex- Define Neocortex | New cortex, most recently developed cortex |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex- Define Frontal Lobe | Forward part of cerebral cortex containing the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex; responsible for motor function, language, and memory (executive function) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Frontal Lobe- Define Motor Cortex | Part of the frontal lobe responsible for body movement |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Frontal Lobe- Define Prefrontal Cortex | Part of the frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning and language |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Frontal Lobe- Define Aphasia | Serious speech deficit that renders a person unable to communicate effectively |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Frontal Lobe-Aphasia- Define Broca's Area | Language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Frontal Lobe-Aphasia- Define Broca's Aphasia | Difficulties speaking smoothly and an inability to come up with certain words (First patient, "Tan", knows something is wrong) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex- Define Parietal Lobe | Upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe specialized for touch and perception |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Parietal Lobe- Define Somatosensory Complex | Part of the parietal lobe devoted to touch |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Parietal Lobe- Define Acalculia | Difficulty with mathematics (as result of damage to parietal lobe) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Parietal Lobe- Define Contralateral Neglect | Complete lack of attention to 1 half of the body (may have anosagnosia) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Parietal Lobe- Define Anosagnosia | Inability to recognize a neurological or psychological deficit |
| Define Homunculi | Pictoral representation of the amount of brain space associated with body parts |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex- Define Temporal Lobe | Lower part of the cerebral cortex below the temples, which plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Temporal Lobe- Define Auditory Cortex | Part of neocortex devoted to hearing; at the top of the temporal lobe |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Temporal Lobe- Define Wernicke's Area | Part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Temporal Lobe- Define Wernicke's Aphasia | Characterized by disorganized speech sometimes called "World Salad" (show anosagnosia) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex- Define Occipital Lobes | Back part of the cerebral cortex specialized for vision |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Neocortex-Occipital Lobe- Define Visual Cortex | Part of neocortex dedicated to vision (humans have large visual cortices) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Cortical Hierarchies- Define Sensory Cortex | Regions of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, touch, hearing, balance, smell, and taste |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Cerebral Cortex-Cortical Hierarchies- Define Association cortices | Regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain- Define Basal Ganglia | Structures in the forebrain that help to control movement |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain-Basal Ganglia- Define Parkinson's Disease | (Michael J. Fox and Muhammed Ali) Link between initiating movement and following reward is broken |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Forebrain- Define Basal Forebrain | Region in the forebrain containing acetylcholine neurons that affects activity of the cortex (Implicated in Alzheimer's disease and dimentia) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain- Define Thalamus | Part of brain that processes sensory information and serves as a gateway to the cerebral cortex |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain- Define Brain Stem | Part o the brain between the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex that contain the medulla, midbrain, and pons |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Brain Stem- Define Midbrain | Part of the brain stem that lies between the forebrain and hindbrain; helps control head and neck reflexes and modulate motor activity |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Brain Stem- Define Reticular Activating System (RAS) | Group of neurons in brain stem that plays a key role in arousal |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Brain Stem- Define Hindbrain | Part of brain between spinal cord and midbrain consisting of the pons, cerebellum, and medulla |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System- Define Cerebral Ventricles | Internal waterways of the CNS that carry cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides the brain with nutrients and cushioning against injury |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System- State process of what Spinal Cord does | Sensory information enteres the spinal cord via sensory nerves and motor commands exit the spinal cord via motor nerves. interneurons send messages between sensory neurons and motor neurons. This creates reflexes. |
| Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System- Define Somatic Nervous System | Part of the PNS that carries messages from the CNS to muscles |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain- Define The Limbic System | Emotional center of brain that also plays key roles in smell, motivation, and memory |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System- Define Hypothalamus | Part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state (emotion, motivation, multitasking) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System- Define Amygdala | Almond shape, Part of limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement and arousal (Fear conditioning and detecting fear in others) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System- Define Cingulate Cortex | Active during emotional expression, holds knowledge of socially appropriate behavior and regulates autonomic nervous system |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System- Define Hippocampus | Part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory (damage to this creates problems with new memory acquisition) |
| Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System- Define Autonomic Nervous System | Part of the peripheral nervous system controlling the involuntary actions |
| Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System-Autonomic Nervous System- Define Sympathetic Division | Engaged during a crisis, or after actions requiring FIGHT OR FLIGHT |
| Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System-Autonomic Nervous System- Define Parasympathetic Division | Controls rest and digestion |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System-Hypothalamus- Define The Endocrine System | System of glands and hormones that control secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers (controlled by the Hypothalamus) |
| Nervous System-Central Nervous System-Brain-Limbic System-Hypothalamus-Endocrine System- Define Hormones | Blood-borne chemicals that influence target issues and glands |
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