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Abnormal PSY Ch. 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Six main time frames: | I. Prehistoric/Stone Age II. Golden Age of Greece III. Middle Ages (1066-1485) IV: Renaissance (14th-17th centuries) V: Humanitarian Reform (1700s- 1900s) VI: 20th Century and Beyond (1900s- now) |
Four main themes/views across time: | - Organic/Biological View - Supernatural View - Psychological View - Sociocultural View |
Prehistoric/Stone Age | - Barbaric treatment - Supernatural Viewpoint -Trephining |
Trephining | The process of putting holes in skull to cure the abnormal behavior. |
The Golden Age of Greece | - Organic/Biological View - Supernatural View - Hippocrates - Galen - Plato |
Hippocrates | - “Father of Medicine” - Organic View - Four Humors and treatments - HYSTERIA! |
Four Humors: | 1. Yellow bile - Agitated & irritable 2. Blood - Cheerful, optimistic, flexible 3. Phlegm - Sluggish, dull, apathetic 4. Black bile - Deep depression, pessimist, melancholy |
Hysteria! | - Only in women - Caused by a “wandering uterus” (wants kids) - Treatment = marriage so you can reproduce - Emotional pain shows up as physical pain (no bio cause) |
Galen | - Roman physician - 4 Humors 'with a twist' - Believed shock, alcohol, adolescence, problems with economy, disappointment in love, menstrual problems/changes caused abnormal behavior. |
Four Humors With A Twist: | Chloretic (yellow bile) --> Sanguina (blood) --> Phlegmatic (phlegm) --> Melancholy (black bile) |
Galen's Contributions: | - Scientific research (animal autopsies) - Drugs to help mentally ill persons - Attempted to identify causes of abnormal behavior |
Plato | - Greek philosopher - Supernatural viewpoint (ab behav caused by God) - First forensic psychologist (b.c he studied criminals and thought if they had mental disorders they shouldn't be held accountable) |
Plato's Contributions: | - Individual differences (people have same behavior but for different reasons) - Accepted sociocultural influences (how society contributes to mental illness) - Treatments (constant activities like walking and gym, make comfortable, mechanical restraint |
Middle Ages | - 1st Mental Hospital in Baghdad (humane treatment) - Avicenna from Arabia - Europe - Supernatural Views |
Avicenna from Arabia | - Prince of physicians - Islamic physician - Wrote "The Canon of Medicine" |
Europe | - Supernatural is King! - Mass madness! - Tarantism (Saint Vitus’ Dance by spiderbite) - Lycanthropy |
Lycanthropy | People become possessed by wolves. Makes them aggressive. |
Renaissance | - Movement towards humanism - Psychological and Supernatural views - Paracelsus - Franz Mesmer - Johann Weyer - Asylums |
Humanism | Looking at people and how they treat others. Focus on humans vs. supernatural. |
Paracelsus | - Swiss physician - Challenged supernatural view - Instincts vs. spiritual nature caused ab. behavior - Needs or thoughts being repressed would could out as ab. behavior - Treatments: bodily magnetism (hypnosis) - "Moon influences brain" |
Franz Mesmer | - Influenced by Paracelsus - Austrian physician - Animal Magnetism - Mesmerism (hypnotism) - Scientific controversy |
Scientific Controversy | People moved towards psychoanalysis (Freud) |
Johann Weyer | - German physician and writer - Witchcraft: “On the Deceits of Demons” - Supernatural causes for behaviors…but influenced by organic/biological, psychological, and sociocultural - Predisposition leads to ab. behavior - “Founder of Modern Psychopathol |
Asylums | - House the mentally ill (poor conditions, no treatment) - Began in Spain and England - Purpose: removal from society - St. Mary of Bethleham in London (BEDLAM) made freak shows out of the patients |
Humanitarian Reform | - 1st US psychiatric hospital (public hospital in Williamsburg, VA, 1773) - Humanitarian Reformers - Moral Management - Mental Hygiene Movement - Deinstitutionalization |
Edward Tyson (humanitarian reformer) | - English Physician - Treated patients at Bedlam (new clothes, treatment) - Introduced follow up plans (aftercare) for when patients leave |
Phillippe Pinel (humanitarian reformer) | - French physician - La Bicetre in Paris *asylum* (let patients out of chains) - Focused on treating people with respect |
William Tuke (humanitarian reformer) | - English tea and coffee merchant - The York Retreat (he built his own funds) - Moral Management (treat people with kindness and they'll get better) |
Moral Management (definition) | Rehabilitating people's social, individual, and occupational needs. |
Benjamin Rush | - U.S Reformer & educator - Founder of American Psychiatry (organized study program) - Pennsylvania hospital - Tranquilizing chair (lessened blood flow in head and relax rest of body) |
Dorothea Dix | - New Englander - Focused on physical conditions - Taught at female prison & witnessed inhumane treatment. - Mental Hygiene Movement (1841) - Lobbied for $ and built mental hospital - Backfired & became a place of bad treatment, uneducated workers. |
Clifford Beers | - New Englander - "A Mind That Found Itself" (believes in better conditions) 1st consumer advocate (he's a person with mental illness that advocates for others with mental illnesses. |
Deinstitutionalization | - Last half of 20th century - Discovery of psychotropic medications *meds after leaving asylum* (alter brain functions) - Outpatient services - Avoid people depending on hospital |
How we got from here to there *4 Major influences: | SYPHILIS KRAEPLIN and CLASSIFICATION FREUD WUNDT’s LAB |