Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSY105 ECPI
PSY105 CH12 KEY TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PSY105 CH12 KEY TERMS | |
| actor-observer bias | phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces |
| ageism | prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age |
| aggression | seeking to cause harm or pain to another person |
| altruism | humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping |
| Asch effect | group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate |
| attitude | evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative |
| attribution | explanation for the behavior of other people |
| bullying | a person, often an adolescent, being treated negatively repeatedly and over time |
| bystander effect | situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress |
| central route persuasion | logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness |
| cognitive dissonance | psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one’s positive self-perception |
| collectivist culture | culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community |
| companionate love | type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment, but not passion; associated with close friendships and family relationships |
| confederate | person who works for a researcher and is aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations as part of the research design |
| confirmation bias | seeking out information that supports our stereotypes while ignoring information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes |
| conformity | when individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group |
| consummate love | type of love occurring when intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present |
| cyberbullying | repeated behavior that is intended to cause psychological or emotional harm to another person and that takes place online |
| diffusion of responsibility | tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group |
| discrimination | negative actions toward individuals as a result of their membership in a particular group |
| dispositionism | describes a perspective common to personality psychologists, which asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament |
| empathy | capacity to understand another person’s perspective—to feel what he or she feels |
| foot-in-the-door technique | persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation |
| group polarization | strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group |
| groupthink | group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus |
| homophily | tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar |
| homophobia | prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their sexual orientation |
| hostile aggression | aggression motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain |
| in-group | group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to |
| in-group bias | preference for our own group over other groups |
| individualistic culture | culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy |
| informational social influence | conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information |
| instrumental aggression | aggression motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain |
| internal factor | internal attribute of a person, such as personality traits or temperament |
| just-world hypothesis | ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve |
| normative social influence | conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group |
| obedience | change of behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences |
| out-group | group that we don’t belong to—one that we view as fundamentally different from us |
| peripheral route persuasion | one person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message |
| persuasion | process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication |
| prejudice | negative attitudes and feelings toward individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group |
| prosocial behavior | voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people |
| racism | prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their race |
| reciprocity | give and take in relationships |
| romantic love | type of love consisting of intimacy and passion, but no commitment |
| scapegoating | act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal |
| script | person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting |
| self-disclosure | sharing personal information in relationships |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | treating stereotyped group members according to our biased expectations only to have this treatment influence the individual to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs |
| self-serving bias | tendency for individuals to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes |
| sexism | prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex |
| situationism | describes a perspective that behavior and actions are determined by the immediate environment and surroundings; a view promoted by social psychologists |
| social exchange theory | humans act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintain a relationship, with the goal to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| social facilitation | improved performance when an audience is watching versus when the individual performs the behavior alone |
| social loafing | exertion of less effort by a person working in a group because individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group, thus causing performance decline on easy tasks |
| social norm | group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members |
| social psychology | field of psychology that examines how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation |
| social role | socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group |
| Stanford prison experiment | Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts |
| stereotype | specific beliefs or assumptions about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics |
| triangular theory of love | model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components |
Created by:
C to the C
Popular Psychology sets