Question 1

absentmindedness

Accepted Answer

lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else

Question 2

acoustic encoding

Accepted Answer

input of sounds, words, and music

Question 3

amnesia

Accepted Answer

loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma

Question 4

anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma

Question 5

arousal theory

Accepted Answer

strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories

Question 6

Atkinson-Shiffrin model (A-S)

Accepted Answer

memory model that states we process information through three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Question 7

automatic processing

Accepted Answer

encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words

Question 8

bias

Accepted Answer

how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events

Question 9

blocking

Accepted Answer

memory error in which you cannot access stored information

Question 10

chunking

Accepted Answer

organizing information into manageable bits or chunks

Question 11

construction

Accepted Answer

formulation of new memories

Question 12

declarative memory

Accepted Answer

type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience

Question 13

effortful processing

Accepted Answer

encoding of information that takes effort and attention

Question 14

elaborative rehearsal

Accepted Answer

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Question 15

encoding

Accepted Answer

input of information into the memory system

Question 16

engram

Accepted Answer

physical trace of memory

Question 17

episodic memory

Accepted Answer

type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory

Question 18

equipotentiality hypothesis

Accepted Answer

some parts of the brain can take over for damaged parts in forming and storing memories

Question 19

explicit memory

Accepted Answer

memories we consciously try to remember and recall

Question 20

false memory syndrome

Accepted Answer

recall of false autobiographical memories

Question 21

flashbulb memory

Accepted Answer

exceptionally clear recollection of an important event

Question 22

forgetting

Accepted Answer

loss of information from long-term memory

Question 23

implicit memory

Accepted Answer

memories that are not part of our consciousness

Question 24

levels of processing

Accepted Answer

information that is thought of more deeply becomes more meaningful and thus better committed to memory

Question 25

long-term memory (LTM)

Accepted Answer

continuous storage of information

Question 26

memory

Accepted Answer

system or process that stores what we learn for future use

Question 27

memory consolidation

Accepted Answer

active rehearsal to move information from short-term memory into long-term memory

Question 28

memory-enhancing strategy

Accepted Answer

technique to help make sure information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory

Question 29

misattribution

Accepted Answer

memory error in which you confuse the source of your information

Question 30

misinformation effect paradigm

Accepted Answer

after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event

Question 31

mnemonic device

Accepted Answer

memory aids that help organize information for encoding

Question 32

persistence

Accepted Answer

failure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones

Question 33

proactive interference

Accepted Answer

old information hinders the recall of newly learned information

Question 34

procedural memory

Accepted Answer

type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim

Question 35

recall

Accepted Answer

accessing information without cues

Question 36

recognition

Accepted Answer

identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue

Question 37

reconstruction

Accepted Answer

process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information

Question 38

rehearsal

Accepted Answer

conscious repetition of information to be remembered

Question 39

relearning

Accepted Answer

learning information that was previously learned

Question 40

retrieval

Accepted Answer

act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness

Question 41

retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information

Question 42

retrograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma

Question 43

self-reference effect

Accepted Answer

tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Question 44

semantic encoding

Accepted Answer

input of words and their meaning

Question 45

semantic memory

Accepted Answer

type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Question 46

sensory memory

Accepted Answer

storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes

Question 47

short-term memory (STM)

Accepted Answer

(also, working memory) holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used

Question 48

storage

Accepted Answer

creation of a permanent record of information

Question 49

suggestibility

Accepted Answer

effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories

Question 50

transience

Accepted Answer

memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time

Question 51

visual encoding

Accepted Answer

input of images

PSY105 ECPI

PSY105 CH08 KEY TERMS

Term	Definition
PSY105 CH 08 KEY TERMS
absentmindedness	lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else
acoustic encoding	input of sounds, words, and music
amnesia	loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma
anterograde amnesia	loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma
arousal theory	strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories
Atkinson-Shiffrin model (A-S)	memory model that states we process information through three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
automatic processing	encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
bias	how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events
blocking	memory error in which you cannot access stored information
chunking	organizing information into manageable bits or chunks
construction	formulation of new memories
declarative memory	type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience
effortful processing	encoding of information that takes effort and attention
elaborative rehearsal	thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
encoding	input of information into the memory system
engram	physical trace of memory
episodic memory	type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory
equipotentiality hypothesis	some parts of the brain can take over for damaged parts in forming and storing memories
explicit memory	memories we consciously try to remember and recall
false memory syndrome	recall of false autobiographical memories
flashbulb memory	exceptionally clear recollection of an important event
forgetting	loss of information from long-term memory
implicit memory	memories that are not part of our consciousness
levels of processing	information that is thought of more deeply becomes more meaningful and thus better committed to memory
long-term memory (LTM)	continuous storage of information
memory	system or process that stores what we learn for future use
memory consolidation	active rehearsal to move information from short-term memory into long-term memory
memory-enhancing strategy	technique to help make sure information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory
misattribution	memory error in which you confuse the source of your information
misinformation effect paradigm	after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event
mnemonic device	memory aids that help organize information for encoding
persistence	failure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones
proactive interference	old information hinders the recall of newly learned information
procedural memory	type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim
recall	accessing information without cues
recognition	identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue
reconstruction	process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information
rehearsal	conscious repetition of information to be remembered
relearning	learning information that was previously learned
retrieval	act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness
retroactive interference	information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information
retrograde amnesia	loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma
self-reference effect	tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance
semantic encoding	input of words and their meaning
semantic memory	type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts
sensory memory	storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
short-term memory (STM)	(also, working memory) holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used
storage	creation of a permanent record of information
suggestibility	effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories
transience	memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time
visual encoding	input of images

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