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GAIT COMPENSATORY
GAIT DEVIATIONS, COMPENSATORY PATTERNS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Affected Phase: stance (foot-flat → midstance) | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| trunk leans toward involved side during stance | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: weak hip abductors (gluteus medius/minimus) | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: pelvic drop compensated by trunk lean | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: reduced mechanical advantage of abductors | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: hip dislocation | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: coxa vara | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: SCFE | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: painful hip | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Cause: reduced gluteus medius activation | Lateral Trunk Bending (Trendelenburg gait) |
| Affected Phase: swing | Hip Hiking |
| elevation of pelvis on affected side to clear foot | Hip Hiking |
| Cause: quadratus lumborum (primary pelvic elevator) | Hip Hiking |
| Cause: lateral abdominals assist | Hip Hiking |
| Cause: weak hip flexors or dorsiflexors | Hip Hiking |
| Effect: limb appears functionally longer | Hip Hiking |
| Affected Phase: swing + stance | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| excessive internal or external rotation of limb | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Cause: weak biceps femoris (internal rotation) | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Cause: spasticity patterns (internal rotation) | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Cause: weak quadriceps (external rotation) | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Cause: weak medial hamstrings (external rotation) | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Cause: spasticity patterns (external rotation) | Limb Rotation Abnormalities |
| Affected Phase: swing | Circumduction gait |
| leg swings outward in semicircle to advance limb | Circumduction gait |
| Cause: foot drop (weak dorsiflexors) | Circumduction gait |
| Cause: weak hip flexors | Circumduction gait |
| Cause: hamstring paralysis (reduced knee flexion) | Circumduction gait |
| Cause: spasticity causing stiff limb (hip/knee extension) | Circumduction gait |
| Affected Phase: stance + swing | Abnormal Walking Base |
| widened or narrowed base of support | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Cause: wide base – hip abductor weakness/contracture | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Cause: wide base – hip instability | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Cause: wide base – genu valgum | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Cause: narrow base – hip adductor spasticity/contracture | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Cause: narrow base – genu varum | Abnormal Walking Base |
| Affected Phase: stance | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| weight-bearing on medial or lateral border | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: medial contact – weak invertors | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: medial contact – eversion contracture | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: medial contact – pes valgus | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: lateral contact – weak evertors | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: lateral contact – inversion contracture | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Cause: lateral contact – talipes equinovarus | Abnormal Foot Contact Pattern |
| Affected Phase: swing → midstance | Anterior Trunk Lean |
| Cause: weak quadriceps | Anterior Trunk Lean |
| Cause: weak gluteus maximus | Anterior Trunk Lean |
| Cause: weak plantar flexors | Anterior Trunk Lean |
| Affected Phase: heel strike → midstance | Posterior Trunk Lean |
| Cause: weak hip extensors | Posterior Trunk Lean |
| Cause: spastic hip extensors | Posterior Trunk Lean |
| Affected Phase: stance | Lumbar Lordosis |
| exaggerated lumbar curve | Lumbar Lordosis |
| Cause: hip flexor contracture (anterior pelvic tilt) | Lumbar Lordosis |
| Cause: weak abdominals | Lumbar Lordosis |
| Cause: weak hip extensors | Lumbar Lordosis |
| Affected Phase: heel strike → heel-off | Hyperextended Knee (Genu Recurvatum) |
| Cause: quadriceps weakness | Hyperextended Knee (Genu Recurvatum) |
| Cause: ligament laxity | Hyperextended Knee (Genu Recurvatum) |
| Cause: plantarflexor spasticity | Hyperextended Knee (Genu Recurvatum) |
| Affected Phase: stance | Excessive Knee Flexion |
| Cause: quadriceps weakness | Excessive Knee Flexion |
| Cause: knee flexor contracture | Excessive Knee Flexion |
| Cause: weak plantar flexors (poor tibial control) | Excessive Knee Flexion |
| Affected Phase: stance | Genu Valgum/Varum |
| Cause: muscle imbalance (hamstrings vs quadriceps), alignment issues | Genu Valgum/Varum |
| Affected Phase: swing + loading response | Dorsiflexion Control Deficit |
| foot drop/toe drag | Dorsiflexion Control Deficit |
| Cause: weak dorsiflexors (tibialis anterior) | Dorsiflexion Control Deficit |
| Affected Phase: terminal stance → pre-swing | Insufficient Push-Off |
| reduced propulsion | Insufficient Push-Off |
| Cause: weak plantar flexors (gastroc-soleus) | Insufficient Push-Off |
| Cause: Achilles tendon dysfunction | Insufficient Push-Off |
| excess plantarflexion to clear opposite limb | Vaulting |
| Cause: swing limb clearance problem (short limb, weakness, foot drop) | Vaulting |
| Affected Phase: entire gait cycle | Rhythmic Disturbance |
| uneven timing/step length | Rhythmic Disturbance |
| Cause: neurologic disorders | Rhythmic Disturbance |
| Cause: lower limb weakness | Rhythmic Disturbance |
| Cause: balance deficits | Rhythmic Disturbance |
| Affected Phase: entire gait cycle | Upper Limb/Head Abnormal Motion |
| reduced/exaggerated arm swing, head/neck posture changes | Upper Limb/Head Abnormal Motion |
| Cause: neurologic impairment (Parkinson’s, hemiplegia) | Upper Limb/Head Abnormal Motion |
| Cause: motor control deficits | Upper Limb/Head Abnormal Motion |
| Foot drop | Steppage |
| Pain | Antalgic |
| Weak gluteus medius | Trendelenburg |
| Hemiplegia | Circumduction |
| Inadequate limb clearance | Vaulting |
| Cerebellar lesion | Ataxic |
| Spastic CP | Scissor gait |
| Bilateral hip abd weakness | Waddling |
| DF weakness | Steppage |
| Basal ganglia affectation | Parkinsonian |
Created by:
ly8li
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