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LE - KNEE & ANKLE

LE - KNEE & ANKLE SPECIAL TESTS

QuestionAnswer
Knee extended and flexed 20–30°, apply valgus stress (push knee medially) Valgus (Abduction) Stress test
Positive sign: excessive movement of tibia Valgus (Abduction) Stress test
Knee extended and flexed 20–30°, apply varus stress (push knee laterally) Varus (Adduction) Stress test
Positive sign: excessive movement of tibia Varus (Adduction) Stress test
Supine, fully flexed knee, extend with IR tibia + varus stress McMurray test
Positive sign: snap/click/pain McMurray test
Indication: lateral meniscus tear McMurray test
Supine, fully flexed knee, extend with ER tibia + valgus stress McMurray test
Positive sign: snap/click/pain McMurray test
Indication: medial meniscus tear McMurray test
Prone, knee flexed 90°, IR/ER tibia with distraction Apley’s test
Positive sign: increased pain and motion Apley’s test
Indication: ligamentous lesion Apley’s test
Prone, knee flexed 90°, IR/ER tibia with compression Apley’s test
Positive sign: pain and decreased motion Apley’s test
Indication: meniscus injury Apley’s test
Supine, heel cupped, move to full knee extension Bounce Home test
Positive sign: incomplete knee extension with rubbery end feel/spring block Bounce Home test
Indication: torn meniscus or swelling Bounce Home test
Tap patella Patellar Tap test
Positive sign: floating/dancing patella Patellar Tap test
Indication: large swelling (40–50 ml) Patellar Tap test
Supine/long sitting, therapist hand at base of patella, patient contracts quads Clarke’s sign (Patellar Grind test)
Positive sign: pain Clarke’s sign (Patellar Grind test)
Indication: patellofemoral dysfunction Clarke’s sign (Patellar Grind test)
Standing, compare number of toes visible from behind Too Many Toes sign
Positive sign: difference in toes visible Too Many Toes sign
Indication: valgus heel, forefoot abduction, tibial external rotation Too Many Toes sign
Foot in 20° plantarflexion, passively draw talus forward Anterior Drawer test (ankle)
Positive sign: dimple/suction at ATFL area Anterior Drawer test (ankle)
Indication: ATFL tear Anterior Drawer test (ankle)
Foot neutral, tilt talus inversion and eversion Talar Tilt test
Positive sign: excessive inversion Talar Tilt test
Indication: calcaneofibular ligament injury Talar Tilt test
Positive sign: excessive eversion Talar Tilt test
Indication: deltoid ligament injury Talar Tilt test
PF + inversion combination tests ATFL Talar Tilt test
Passively externally rotate foot Kleiger’s test
Positive sign: pain on medial side of foot Kleiger’s test
Indication: deltoid ligament tear Kleiger’s test
Positive sign: pain on anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligament Kleiger’s test
Indication: tibiofibular syndesmosis/high ankle injury Kleiger’s test
Prone, squeeze calf muscle Thompson’s (Simmond’s) test
Positive sign: no ankle plantarflexion Thompson’s (Simmond’s) test
Indication: Achilles tendon rupture Thompson’s (Simmond’s) test
Created by: ly8li
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