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Life Science Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does the structure of DNA allow it to store genetic information? | The order of nitrogen bases stores genetic information |
| Why is DNA replication important before cell division? | It ensures each new cell receives identical genetic information |
| What happens during transcription? | DNA is copied into mRNA |
| What happens during translation? | mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into proteins |
| Why are proteins important to cells? | Proteins perform essential functions including transport structure and chemical reactions |
| How can a mutation affect a protein? | A mutation can change the amino acid sequence and alter protein function |
| Why can enzymes only work with specific substrates? | Their active sites have specific shapes that fit only certain substrates |
| How does temperature affect enzyme activity? | Extreme temperatures can change enzyme shape and reduce activity |
| Why does pH affect enzymes? | Changes in pH can alter enzyme shape and function |
| How does the cell membrane help maintain homeostasis? | It controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Why are mitochondria important for survival? | They release energy through cellular respiration |
| How are chloroplasts and mitochondria related? | Chloroplasts store energy in glucose and mitochondria release that energy |
| Why are ribosomes important? | They are the site of protein synthesis |
| How do organ systems work together? | They interact to maintain stable internal conditions |
| How does the circulatory system support the respiratory system? | It transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells |
| Why is feedback important for homeostasis? | Feedback mechanisms help return conditions to normal |
| What is an example of negative feedback in humans? | Sweating lowers body temperature |
| Why is positive feedback less common in homeostasis? | It increases change instead of restoring balance |
| How does insulin help maintain homeostasis? | It lowers blood glucose levels |
| What would happen if the pancreas stopped producing insulin? | Blood glucose levels would remain dangerously high |
| Why is photosynthesis important to ecosystems? | It introduces energy into food webs |
| How is energy transformed during photosynthesis? | Light energy becomes chemical energy in glucose |
| Why are plants called producers? | They make their own food using sunlight |
| What are the reactants of photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide water and light energy |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | Glucose and oxygen |
| Why is oxygen important in cellular respiration? | It helps release energy from glucose |
| What molecule stores usable cellular energy? | ATP |
| How are photosynthesis and respiration connected? | The products of one are reactants of the other |
| Why is energy lost between trophic levels? | Energy is released as heat during metabolism |
| Why do top predators have less biomass? | Most energy is lost before reaching higher trophic levels |
| How do decomposers recycle matter? | They break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the environment |
| Why is matter recycled but energy is not? | Matter changes form while energy flows one direction and is lost as heat |
| How can invasive species reduce biodiversity? | They outcompete native species for resources |
| Why are ecosystems with high biodiversity more stable? | More species increase resilience to environmental changes |
| What is carrying capacity? | The maximum population an ecosystem can support |
| How can drought lower carrying capacity? | Less water reduces available resources |
| Why are limiting factors important in ecosystems? | They control population size |
| How does competition affect survival? | Organisms compete for limited resources |
| What is the role of decomposers in ecosystem stability? | They recycle nutrients back into the environment |
| How does ecological succession change ecosystems over time? | Communities gradually change after disturbances |
| What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? | Primary starts without soil while secondary begins where soil remains |
| Why are pioneer species important? | They begin soil formation and ecosystem recovery |
| How do humans negatively impact biodiversity? | Through pollution habitat destruction and invasive species |
| Why can biomagnification be dangerous to top predators? | Toxins become more concentrated higher in the food chain |
| How does acid rain harm ecosystems? | It damages plants water systems and soil chemistry |
| Why is ozone important to life on Earth? | It blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation |
| How does global warming affect ecosystems? | It changes climates habitats and species survival |
| Why is mitosis important? | It allows growth repair and replacement of cells |
| What is produced during mitosis? | Two genetically identical diploid cells |
| Why does meiosis increase genetic variation? | Crossing over and independent assortment create unique gametes |
| What is the purpose of meiosis? | To produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction |
| Why are stem cells useful? | They can become specialized cell types |
| How can cancer develop? | Mutations can cause uncontrolled cell division |
| How are genes and chromosomes related? | Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes |
| Why can mutations sometimes be inherited? | Mutations in gametes can be passed to offspring |
| How does genetic engineering change organisms? | It modifies DNA to create new traits |
| What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis? | To separate DNA fragments by size |
| Why is selective breeding used? | To increase desirable traits in offspring |
| What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? | Genotype is genetic makeup while phenotype is physical appearance |
| Why can two organisms look different even with similar genes? | Environmental factors can affect gene expression |
| Why are dominant alleles expressed more often? | Only one copy is needed for expression |
| Why do recessive traits appear less frequently? | Two recessive alleles are required |
| What occurs during fertilization? | A sperm and egg unite to form a zygote |
| Why is the placenta important during pregnancy? | It exchanges nutrients oxygen and wastes |
| How does DNA evidence support evolution? | Similar DNA sequences suggest common ancestry |
| What are homologous structures evidence of? | Evolution from a common ancestor |
| How does the fossil record support evolution? | It shows changes in species over time |
| What is natural selection? | Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully |
| Why do advantageous traits become more common? | They improve survival and reproductive success |
| What causes genetic variation in populations? | Mutations and sexual reproduction |
| How can environmental changes lead to extinction? | Species unable to adapt may die out |
| What is speciation? | Formation of a new species |
| Why is adaptation important for survival? | Adaptations improve fitness in specific environments |
| What is the independent variable in an experiment? | The factor changed by the scientist |
| What is the dependent variable in an experiment? | The factor measured in response to change |
| Why is a control group necessary? | It provides a comparison for results |
| How can scientists improve experimental validity? | Repeat trials and increase sample size |
| Why does increasing magnification reduce field of view? | The image appears larger so less area is visible |
| What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? | To identify organisms based on characteristics |
| How did the Balancing Act lab demonstrate homeostasis? | The body adjusted temperature back toward normal |
| How did the Lactose Tolerance lab demonstrate natural selection? | Environmental pressure increased lactose tolerance frequency |
| What was the purpose of the For the Birds lab? | To design a solution reducing bird window collisions |
| Why are simulations useful in science? | They allow safe testing of real world problems |
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