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Merrills Ribs
Sternum, ribs, sc joints by merrills
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The bony thorax is formed by what parts of the thoracic cavity? | Sternum, 12 Ribs, and 12 thoracic vertebrae |
| What are the spaces in between each rib called? | Intercostal space |
| Which joint of the rib articulates with the vertebra? | Costovertebral Joint |
| What part of the rib articulates with the Transverse Process of the Thoracic vertebrae? | Tubercle |
| How are the anterior ends of the ribs situated in comparasion to the posterior ends? | 3 to 5 inches lower |
| Which body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body? | Hyperstenic |
| Which projections are essential to demonstrate the sternum? | Oblique, lateral |
| How much should the body be rotated for a PA Oblique projection of the sternum? | 15 to 20 degrees |
| What breathing instructions are preferred for an oblique sternum? | Breathing technique |
| On trauma patients, which position is preferred for imaging the oblique sternum? | AP LPO |
| What is the preferred SID for an oblique projection of the sternum? | 30 inches |
| Which projection of the sternum utilizes the heart shadow? | PA RAO |
| How much above the jugular notch should the IR be positioned for the oblique and lateral sternum? | 1 1/2 inches |
| The respiratory movement of the diaphragm averages how many inches between deep inspiration and deep expiration? | 1 1/2 inches |
| How many ribs are considered to be true ribs? | 7 |
| How many ribs are considered to be false ribs? | 5 |
| What are the last two ribs called? | floating ribs |
| Which body habitus is the diaphragm at the lowest position in the body? | Hypostenic |
| The 12 costovertebral joints of the ribs are considered what type? | Synovial-Gliding |
| Which ribs are attached directly to the sternum? | 1-7 |
| How is the 8th through the 10th rib attached? | By the costal cartilage of the 7th rib |
| Name the typical parts of a rib. | Head,neck,body,and tubercle |
| What structures are on the head of the ribs for articulation with the vertebrae? | Facet |
| Which ribs attach directly to the sternum? | 1-7 |
| What are the 3 main parts of the sternum? | Manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| What is the name of the indentation on the manubrium called? | Jugular notch |
| What is the average length of the sternum as a whole? | 6 inches |
| Which ribs are considered to be false ribs? | 8-12 |
| What is the name of the joints that are the only points of articulation in the upper limbs and the trunk? | Sternoclavicular joints(SC) |
| What is the SID for a lateral sternum? | 72 inches |
| What is the degree of obliquity for PA SC joints? | 10-15 degrees |
| Which SC joint is better visualized on an oblique projection? | The SC joint closest to the IR |
| Where is the CR directed for SC joints? | T3 |
| How should the patients head be positioned for a PA SC joint x-ray? | Rest head on chin, midsagittal plane should be vertical |
| Where should the CR be directed for an oblique SC joint? | At the level of T2-T3(3in distal to the Vertebral Prominens),and 1 to 2 in lateral from MSP |
| How should the arms be placed for an upright lateral sternum? | Hands locked behind the back |
| What are the breathing instructions for the lateral sternum? | Ssuspend respiration upon deep inspiration |
| In which position does the diaphragm descend to its lowest level? | The upright position |
| Which position is best to visualize the upper ribs? | Upright, seated or standing |
| How are the patients hands positioned on upright ribs? | Hands against the hips with palms faced outwards |
| What are the breathing instructions for the upper ribs? | Suspend at full inspiration |
| Where is the CR directed for upper anterior ribs? | At the level of T7 |
| How much light should be above the shoulders for upper ribs, if the positioning is correct? | Approximately 1 1/2 in above the shoulders(jugular notch) |
| What is the SID for any projection of ribs? | 40 inches |
| Where should the CR be directed for an AP projection of the ribs? | T7(3-4 in below jugular notch) |
| What are the breathing instructions for the lower ribs? | Suspend respiration upon expiration |
| Why should the patient suspend respiration upon expiration for lower ribs? | Elevate the diaphragm to visualize the lower ribs more clearly |
| How many degrees is the patient rotated for an oblique rib xray? | 45 degrees |
| What PA projection is the same as an AP LPO? | PA RAO |
| Where should the film be positioned for AP or PA lower ribs? | The bottom of the film at the top of the Iliac Crest |
| Where should the arm of affected side of the ribs be positioned? | Raise the arm enough to get the scapula away from the ribs |
| What position shows the left ribs cleared of the heart and its shadow? | LAO or RPO |
| If the affected side of the ribs are away from the film, what position is the patient in? | PA Oblique,RAO or LAO |
| If the affected side of the ribs are towards the film, what position is the patient in? | AP Oblique, LPO or RPO |
| Where should the CR be directed for the AP or Oblique projections of the ribs? | Mid way between the spine and the lateral margin of the thorax |
| In what projection can the axillary portion of the ribs best be seen? | Oblique |
Created by:
radgirl37
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