Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FINAL exam review
phonetics - taken from quiz's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why is the position of the soft palate/velum important for the production of all fricative and stop sounds? | The velum must be in a raised position to direct airflow to the oral cavity, which is used in fricative and stop sounds. |
| explain the difference between obstruent and sonorant consonants | obstruent: made with great degree of constriction somewhere along the vocal tract to obstruct airflow sonorant: made with incomplete constriction to allow for a certain amount of airflow. |
| describe how the liquid phoneme /l/ is created (including positions of the articulators and path of airflow) | produced with slight constriction of the vocal tract -tongue tip pointing upward / contacting the center of the alveolar ridge -sides of the tongue don't make contact to allow for continuous airflow around the tongue. |
| explain how the /t/ sound is created (including WHERE and HOW the articulators constrict the vocal tract, and how that creates the unique consonant sound.) | -produced without phonation -constriction of VT at the alveolar ridge and tongue -the articulators are blocking airflow with complete closure, to be released as a burst of air (stop consonant) |
| Place of Articulation | area of contact or approximation of contact within the vocal tract during production |
| Manner of Articulation | TYPE of constriction created by the passive articulator (complete/partial/unilateral closure) (ie. stops, fricatives, labials) |
| Stop Consonants | There is complete, brief closure of the vocal tract. |
| Nasal Consonants | The oral cavity is completely closed off, while the velopharyngeal port is open. |
| Fricative Consonants | There is enough of an opening for airflow to continue through the vocal tract, but that opening is so small that the airflow becomes TURBULENT. |
| Glide Consonants | The articulators make a smooth transition from a constricted posture to a more open one, generally without creating turbulent airflow. |
| Liquid Consonants | The vocal tract is only slightly more constricted than would be the case for vowels. Otherwise, this group of consonants has little in common. |
| describe how the /m/ consonant is formed (include where and how the vocal tract is constricted, and how that creates the sound.) | formed with bilabial constriction -velum is lowered, allowing airflow to nasal cavity -there is resonance in the oral cavity up to the lips, which is released through the nasal cavity. |
| main articulatory differences between / ɔ / and / ɑ / | /ɔ/ = rounded vowel /ɑ / lowered jaw position |
| main difference between the /ɚ/ and /ɝ/ vowels | /ɚ/ = unstressed /ɝ/ = stressed |
| between a monophthong and a diphthong sound. | -monophthongs only have one position of production. -diphthongs have two positions that transition smoothly with the same articulatory gesture |
| explain the difference between phonemic and non-phonemic diphthongs. | -Phonemic diphthongs can't be reduced to a monophthong without drastically changing the original sound. -Non-phonemic diphthongs however can be reduced to a monophthong to create a pure vowel, occurring in unstressed + sped up conditions |
| main difference between the central vowels / ʌ / and / ə / | / ʌ / = stressed / ə / = unstressed |
| what does stress refer to | the amount of articulatory force or emphasis belonging to a particular syllable. -also an increase of intensity, length, and pitch |
| When we describe a vowel as a "front" vowel, what do we mean? | Front vowels have to do with the tongue advancement in producing a vowel sound, the relative horizontal position of the tongue body within the oral cavity. Front would mean the tongue is at a frontal position rather than back or central |
| What are formants, what creates them | -sound waves and patterns of strong frequencies -help distinguish different vowel sounds -affected by size + shape of vocal tract cavities -affected by tongue placement |
| Why is tongue position important in vowels? | Because the position changes the shape of the oral cavity, which impacts the resonance |
| Describe how the term "dialect" differs from the term "accent". | Accents affect pronunciation only, whereas dialect can affect any form of language |
| ASHA's position on dialects + language variation | No dialectal difference should ever be considered a disorder of speech or language. Speakers may seek out voluntary/elective services for accent modification if they wish to do so. |
| Briefly explain the reason behind the language changes seen in L1-influenced speech. Why do these changes occur in bilingual or multilingual speakers? | Because they naturally conform their production of another language to their native language and its rules |
| At its most basic, Boyle's law tells us that: | Volume and pressure have an inverse relationship - as one increases, the other decreases. |
| explain how Boyle's law applies to respiration. | As the volume of the thoracic cavity gets larger, the air pressure in the lungs decreases. The air pressure in the lungs must be equalized to the high outside air pressure and so air rushes into the lungs to compensate |
Created by:
liz gelles
Popular Academic Vocabulary sets