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Ecology Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Autotroph Organisms that synthesize their own organic food molecules from inorganic raw materials.
Heterotroph Organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other living or dead organisms for nutrients.
Organism : A living or once-living thing that has an organized structure and reproduces
Habitat The natural home or environment of a plant, animal, or other organism, including all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.
Biotic factor the living components of an ecosystem that affect or shape their environment and other organisms
Abiotic factor Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that impact ecosystems and influence the survival of organisms.
Species A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Population A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area at the same time.
Community All the different living populations interacting in one area.
Ecosystem A community plus its non-living (abiotic) environment.
Ecology The study of how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings.
Immigration New individuals moving into a population
Emigration Individuals moving out of a population area.
Population density the number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume.
Limiting factor An environmental factor (like food, space, or weather) that restricts a population's growth.
Carrying capacity The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.
Natural selection The process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Adaptation A specific trait or behavior that helps an organism survive in its particular environment.
Niche An organism's specific role or "job" within its ecosystem, including how it gets food and interacts with others.
Competition The struggle between organisms to obtain limited resources like food, water, or territory.
Predation An interaction where one organism (predator) kills and eats another (prey).
Mutualism A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.
Commensalism A relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Parasitism A relationship where one organism (parasite) benefits by living on or in another (host), which is harmed.
Parasite The organism that benefits in a parasitic relationship by taking nutrients from its host.
Host The organism that is inhabited and harmed by a parasite.
Succession The predictable, sequential change in the types of species in a community over time
Primary succession Succession occurring in an area that has never been colonized
Pioneer species The first hardy species to colonize a barren or disturbed area.
Secondary succession Succession in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed but still has soil
Producer An organism that creates its own food (energy) using sunlight or chemicals, forming the base of the food chain
Consumer An organism that gets its energy by eating other organisms
Herbivore A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore A consumer that eats only animals.
Omnivore A consumer that eats both plants and animals.
Scavenger An animal that feeds on the remains of already dead organisms
Decomposer An organism (like fungi or bacteria) that breaks down dead organic matter into simple nutrients.
Food chain A linear sequence showing how energy passes from one organism to the next as they are eaten.
Food web A complex network of interconnected food chains showing all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Energy pyramid A diagram showing how energy decreases at each level as it moves from producers up to top consumers.
Nitrogen fixation The process where specific bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the air into a form that plants can use.
Created by: user-2021437
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