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PATIENT CARE
ARRT content specs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HIPPA | - health insurance portability and accountability act - protects patient privacy |
| privacy | right to confidentiality of personal and medical information |
| PHI | - protected health information - name, ID, diagnosis |
| extent of care | right to know treatment scope and limits |
| automony | right to make decisions about care |
| access to information | right to medical records and exam details |
| participation | right to consent or refuse experimental studies |
| informed/written consent | - patient understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives - required for "high risk" procedures (IV or contrast) |
| implied consent | assumed by patient actions |
| health care proxy | designates decision-maker if patient is unable to |
| advanced directives | - written instructions for future care - living will or DNR |
| living will | specifies treatment preferences (no vents) |
| DNR | do not resuscitate order |
| who orders an exam? | physician |
| what info is required on requisition? | - patient ID - exam type - clinical indication - date - ordering physician signature |
| assault | threat to harm |
| battery | unconsented physical contact |
| invasion of privacy | unauthorized disclosure of PHI |
| false imprisonment | restraining patient without orders |
| restraint | - physical/chemical control for safety - MUST have physician order |
| immobilization | temporary positioning aid |
| beneficence | acting in the patients best interest |
| negligence | failure to provide standard of care |
| libel | written defamation |
| slander | spoken defamation |
| tort | civil wrong causing harm |
| respondeat superior | employer liability for employee actions |
| res ispa loquitur | - the thing that speaks for itself - defendant responsible to prove their own innocence |
| 7 C's of malpractice | - competence - compliance - charting - communication - caring - confidentiality - consent |
| quadplegia | paralysis neck down |
| paraplegia | paralysis waist down |
| hemiplegia | paralysis one sided |
| closed fx | skin not broken |
| open/compound fx | breaks through the skin |
| displaced fx | bones are unaligned |
| non-displaced fx | bones are aligned |
| compression fx | - spinal column - compressed together |
| impact fx | driven into one another |
| communited fx | 2 or more breaks |
| greenstick fx | - common in peds - bending / not a complete break of bone |
| transverse fx | horizontal break |
| subluxtion | dislocation |
| what info is required on images? | - patient ID - date and time - marker and initials - exam type - institution name |
| T/F cropping is acceptable for clarity | true |
| T/F cropping is acceptable for altering diagnostic information | false |
| verbal communication | - clear simple instructions - attitude, tone, volume, effective listening |
| non-verbal communication | body language and gestures |
| peds communication | - eye level - simple |
| geriatric communication | - loud - clear - slow |
| 5 stages of greif | - denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance |
| denial | refusal to accept |
| anger | frustration with self and others |
| bargaining | seeking control and other options |
| depression | sadness and slience |
| acceptance | patient finding peace |
| when transferring a patient, you ___ | pull |
| when transferring heavy objects, you ___ | roll or push |
| log rolling | - minimum of 3 people - 1 person holding neck, this person is also in charge of counting |
| when transferring a patient in a wheelchair, you must put the patient's ___ side to the table | strongest |
| RACE | - rescue - alarm - contain - extinguish |
| PASS | - pull - aim - squeeze - sweep |
| location for ET tube on CXR | 2-3 cm above the carina |
| NG tube | nose to stomach |
| NJ tube | nose to jejunum |
| OG tube | mouth to stomach |
| normal BP for adult | - 120/80 - systolic: 90-120 - diastolic: 50-70 |
| normal pulse for adult | 60-100 bpm |
| normal respirations for adult | 15-20 per min |
| most accurate temp location | rectal |
| normal temp for adult | 97.6-99 F |
| tachycardia | greater than 100bpm |
| bradycardia | less than 60bpm |
| hyperglycemia | - high blood sugar - greater than 200 |
| hypoglycemia | - low blood sugar - less than 70 |
| positive contrast | - increased density - barium and iodine |
| negative contrast | - decreased density - air |
| ionic solutions | - cheaper - higher risk of reactions - breaks apart when placed in fluid - creates charged particles (ions) - higher osmolarity |
| nonionic solutions | - less osmolarity - safer - no reaction with fluid |
| IV must be ___ from the hanging solution | 18-24 in (45-60cm) |
| BUN | 8-25 |
| creatinine | 0.5-1.4 |
| GFR | 90-120 |
| water-soluble iodine contrast | - iodine combined with benzene ring making it safe for medical use - only safe for IV injections - low osmolarity |
| osmolarity | concentration of particles in a solution |
| 2 premeds required for contrast allergies | corticosteroids and antihistamines |
| extravasation | - most common complication from IV contrast - leakage of contrast outside the vessel into surrounding tissues - apply warm compress |
| barium atomic number | 56 |
| barium sulfate | - higher atomic number and attenuation - not water soluble - commonly used for GI tract |
| hypovolemic shock | blood/fluid loss |
| septic shock | - blood/infection induced - can spread and damage other parts of the body |
| neurogenic shock | - spinal injury - vasodilation |
| cardiogenic shock | heart failure |
| anaphylaxsis | allergic reaction causing closing of throat |
| 6 rights to drug administration | - patient - drug - dose - route - time - documentation |
| xylocaine/lidocaine | - local anesthetic - arrythmias |
| decacron | -steroid - reduces inflammation and allergic reactions |
| lasix | diuretic |
| epinephrine | - treats anaphylaxis - cardiac arrest |
| glucagon | raises blood sugar |
| insulin/glucophage/metformin | - diabetic medication - treats high glucose |
| cathartic | laxative |
| emetic | induces vomiting |
| medical asepsis | reduces microbes |
| surgical asepsis | eliminates all microbes |
| fomite | contaminated object |
| vector | living carrier |
| vermin | pests |
| chain of infection | pathogen -> reservoir -> exit -> transmission -> entry -> host |
| malpractice | patient is injured due to error caused by health care professional |
| what is the purpose of contrast media? | to improve subject contrast |
Created by:
mkopp1
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