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AP Psych U0 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Critical Thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, examines assumptions, identifies hidden values, evaluates evidence, assesses conclusions |
| Hindsight Bias | tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have predicted it |
| Peer Reviewers | scientific experts who evaluate a research article’s theory, originality, accuracy |
| Theory | hypothesis tested with a significant amount of data |
| Hypothesis | testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
| Falsifiable | able to be disproven by experimental results |
| Operational Definition | statement of procedures used to define research variables |
| Replication | repeating a study with different participants/situations to check if findings extend |
| Case Study | in-depth study of one individual to reveal universal principles |
| Naturalistic Observation | observing behavior in natural settings without manipulation |
| Survey | technique collecting self |
| Social Desirability Bias | tendency to give socially approved answers |
| Self-Report Bias | inaccuracies from people giving biased or socially desirable responses |
| Sampling Bias | flawed sampling producing an unrepresentative sample |
| Random Sampling | sample where every population member has equal chance of inclusion |
| Population | group of individuals of same species in same area |
| Correlation | measure of how two variables vary together and predict each other |
| Correlation Coefficient | number from -1 to +1 indicating strength/direction of relationship |
| Variable | factor that can change in an experiment |
| Scatterplot | graph of dots showing relationship between two variables |
| Illusory Correlation | perceiving relationship where none exists or stronger than reality |
| Regression Toward the Mean | extreme scores tend to move toward average |
| Experiment | method where variables are manipulated to observe effects |
| Experimental Group | group exposed to the independent variable/treatment |
| Control Group | group not exposed, used for comparison |
| Random Assignment | assigning participants by chance to minimize differences |
| Single | Blind Procedure |
| Double | Blind Procedure |
| Placebo Effect | expectations influence behavior |
| Independent Variable | manipulated factor being tested |
| Confounding Variable | outside factor that affects results |
| Experiment Bias | researcher unintentionally influences results |
| Dependent Variable | measured outcome responding to independent variable |
| Validity | degree to which a test measures what it claims |
| Quantitative Research | uses numerical data |
| Qualitative Research | uses observations/descriptive data rather than numbers |
Created by:
MeghnaG791
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