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Streams and Rivers
Hydrology Stream Processes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hydrosphere | the Earth's water - 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with oceans and seas |
| Terrestrial (rocky) Planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars |
| Hydrologic Cycle | the source of all freshwater on land, and the natural recycling of water |
| How the Hydrologic Cycle works: | - water evaporates from oceans -released water vapor is transpiration - vapor condenses and precipitates - 20% of precipitation falls on land - some water runs off back to bodies of water, some stay on land in river, streams, or glaciers, etc. |
| Laminar Flow | little mixing takes place between adjacent flow lines within the fluid |
| Turbulent Flow | the lines of flow are complexly intertwined |
| Runoff | occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil |
| If rainfall is ABSORBED... | there is no runoff |
| When the ground is SATURATED... | runoff begins |
| Sheet Flow | the water moves as a continuous film of water flowing over the surface. Sheet flow is not confined and is common on hard flat surfaces. |
| Channel Flow | the surface runoff is confined in a channel, which is a trough-like depression |
| Gradient | When water flows downhill over a slope |
| Velocity of running water | measure of the distance water travels in a given amount of time |
| Discharge | the volume of water that passes a given point in a given amount of time |
| Measuring the discharge of a waterway = | Channel width × channel height × stream velocity |
| Tributary | small stream running into a larger river |
| Hydraulic Action | the impact of water, which is quite effective in dislodging loose soil and sediment |
| Abrasion | occurs when running water carries sand and gravel that wear away any rock surface they move over |
| Dissolved Load | invisible because it is composed of ions which are transported in solution |
| Suspended Load | made up of the smallest particles that can be kept in suspension in the water by turbulence |
| Bed Load | composed of sand and gravel that is transported along a stream’s bed by saltation, rolling, and sliding |
| Alluvium | sediment deposits of running water |
| Braided Streams | have too much sand and gravel to effectively transport, so the sand and gravel are deposited as bars that divide the main channel into many channels |
| Meandering Streams | carry much more suspended load and have a single, sinuous channel |
Created by:
user1115
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