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Psyc-Study Guide 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A psychological disorder is a ________. | condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
| What is meant by the term etiology? | the cause of a disorder |
| Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| What is comorbidity? | co-occurrence of two disorders |
| The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits. | supernatural |
| The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective. | biological |
| Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? | Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. |
| ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors. | Anxiety |
| Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________. | safety behaviors |
| People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. | obsessive-compulsive |
| Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? | Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked. |
| Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder? | orbitofrontal cortex |
| What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? | repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts |
| According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? | being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards |
| Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. | that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy. |
| Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? | Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. |
| Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have? | seasonal pattern |
| Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? | Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. |
| If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. | often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania |
| Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? | being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.) |
| At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder. | psychotic |
| Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? | dopamine and serotonin |
| Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms. | negative |
| Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? | somatic |
| Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? | People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. |
| Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? | becoming split off, or separated, from one’s core sense of self |
| Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder. | 95 |
| Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________. | fugue |
| Egon can’t pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won’t sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? | Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. |
| Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms? | severe depressive symptoms |
| Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? | lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds |
| Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder. | narcissistic |
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