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Milestone vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physical change | Change that affects one or more physical property of a substance |
| Chemical Change | Change that occurs when one or more substances change into an entirely new substance |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | States that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed/transformed |
| Reactants | Input to a chemical equation or experiment what chemicals go in at the beginning of an experiment |
| Products | output to chemical equation or experiment what comes out at the end of the experiment |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) |
| Density | amount of mass per unit of volume |
| Mixture | when something is composed of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded |
| Melting | adding thermal (heat) energy which causes it to go from a solid to a liquid |
| Freezing | losing thermal (heat) energy which causes it to go from a liquid to a solid |
| Evaporation | adding thermal (heat) energy which causes it to go from a liquid to a gas |
| Conductivity | how well a electric current can move through a substance |
| Malleableability | The ability for a substance to be rolled or pounded into different shapes |
| Phase change | change of a substance from one physical form to another |
| Solid | Has a definite volume and shape while the particles are close together and do not move freely. |
| Condensation | losing thermal (heat) energy which causes it to go from a gas to a liquid |
| Solubility | the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. |
| Liquid | Has a definite volume but an indefinite shape. Have more kinetic energy than solids. |
| Gas | Has no definite volume or shape. Particles have more kinetic energy than solids and liquids. |
| Ductile | the ability to be drawn intyo a thin wire |
| Homeogeneous mixture | A mixture that looks the same throughout; cannot see the different pieces in the mixture |
| Mixture | 2 or more elements and/or compounds physically combined |
| Atomic number | the number of protons/electrons in an atoms; usually located at the top of an element tile. |
| Nucleus | the center of the atom |
| Electron | subatomic particle with negative charge; located outside the nucleus |
| Atom | smallest part of matter |
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms combined together (touching) |
| Valence electrons | outer shell electrons |
| Periodic Table of Elements | a table of known elements arranged by atomic number |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | a mixture that looks different and all the parts of the mixture are visible |
| Symbol | the 1-2 letter abbreviation representing the element, usually found in the center of the elemental tile. |
| Group | The vertical column in the periodic table is called a _________. |
| Pure substance | a substance that has the same chemical makeup; can be an element or compound |
| Period | the horizontal row on the periodic table is called a ________ |
| Neutron | subatomic particle that is neutral or has no charge |
| Metalloid | an element that has the characteristics of both metal and nonmetals ; located on the zig-zag line of the periodic table |
| Atomic Mass | the number or protons+ neutrons in the nucleus; usually located on the bottom of the element tile |
| Nonmentals | an element that is brittle, dull, and a bad conductor of electricity; located to the right of the zig-zag line on the periodic table |
| Proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge; located in the nucleus |
| Compound | 2 or more different elements chemically combined |
| Metals | an element that is shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of electricity; located to the left of zig-zag line on the periodic table |
| Element | atoms of 1 type |
| Energy | The ability to do work; measured in Joules (J) |
| Kientic | The energy of motion that depends on an object's mass and speed |
| Potential | The stored energy that depends on an object's mass and position/shape |
| Elastic | Energy that is stored due to being stretched or compressed |
| Gravitational | Energy that is dependent on mass and height |
| Transformation | This happens when one energy types changes to another |
| Mechanical | The total energy an object has because of it's motion (speed) and position |
| Insulator | This is a material that does not allow energy to pass freely; wood, glass, plastic |
| Temperature | This measures the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object or substance. |
| Chemical Energy | A potential energy stored in bonds between atoms |
| Thermal Energy | Overall energy of a system that is responsible for the temperature. |
| Conduction | Energy is the transferred by direct contract |
| Sound energy | Energy that is created by vibrational movement through substances in waves. |
| Conductor | Material that allows energy to pass freely; metals |
| Radiation | Energy that is transferred by electromagnetic waves |
| Heat | This is the flow of energy from warmer places to cooler places due to differences in temperature |
| Convection | The energy that is transferred by the mass motion of molecules |
| Electromagnetic energy | Energy in the form of moving waves that produce light |
| Motion | change in position over time |
| Velocity | speed in a given direction |
| Reference Point | location to which you compare other locations |
| Speed | the measure of how far something moves in a given amount of time |
| Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| Position | describes the location of an object |
| Force | A push or pull acting on an object. |
| Distance | The length of the path an object travels |
| Inertia | The tendency of an object to resist changes in motion; related to mass. |
| Law of Inertia | An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. |
| Law of Acceleration | Force equals mass times acceleration (F = m x a). The greater the mass, the more force needed to accelerate it. |
| Law of Equal and Opposite | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Balanced forces | Forces acting on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction; no change in motion. |
| Unbalanced Forces | Forces that are not equal; cause a change in motion. |
| Friction | A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact. |
| Mechanical wave | this wave transmits energy through matter |
| Electromagnetic wave | this wave transmits energy through matter or empty space |
| Medium | this is the matter through which a mechanical/ electromagnetic wave can travel. |
| Transverse | in this type of wave the particles of the medium vibrate in a perpendicular direction to the direction that the wave moves. |
| Longitudinal | in this type of wave the particles of the medium vibrate in a parallel direction to the direction that the wave moves. |
| Refraction | the bending of a wave as the wave passes from one medium to another at an angle |
| Diffraction | the bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening- depends on wavelength and size of opening |
| Interference | combination of two or more waves to form a single wave. There are two types. |
| Absorption | when a substance/material takes in a wave and transforms it into a different energy type |
| Transmission | the process where a wave passes through a boundary and travels through a medium without being reflected, refracted or defracted. |
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Singletary
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