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Psyc-Study Guide 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Several influential early psychologists studied issues that today would be categorized as industrial psychology. These individuals included James Cattell, Hugo Münsterberg, and Walter Dill Scott, who were all students of ________. | Wilhelm Wundt |
| According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average American work spends approximately ________ hours working each week. | 42 to 54 |
| Dr. Smyth conducts research that examines how stress, disease, and disorders can impact individuals in the workplace. She is working in the area of ________ psychology. | occupational health |
| Which individual was one of the first psychologists to apply the science of the field to advertising, management, and personnel selection? | Walter Dill Scott |
| Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? | The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII |
| Industrial–organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________. | how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work |
| An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________. | worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment |
| In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for? | knowledge, skills, abilities |
| Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee? | mentoring |
| The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________. | enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees |
| Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one’s personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring job applicants? | immutable characteristic |
| Which choice is the best definition of a performance appraisal? | evaluating an employee’s success at carrying out the duties of their job |
| The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the ________ effect. | Hawthorne |
| Which of the following exemplifies an advertisement that would reflect a task-oriented approach to job analysis? | driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material |
| Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis? | works well under pressure and in group situations |
| According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting a candidate’s later successful job performance? | structured interviews |
| What is the most common reason for invoking a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) as a defense against an employer accused of discrimination? | sex |
| What did the researchers, who identified the Hawthorne effect, see as evidence that employee performance was influenced by something other than the physical work conditions? | Any change in a variable, such as lighting levels, led to an improvement in productivity; this was true even when the change was negative, such as a return to poor lighting. |
| Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis? | It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis. |
| It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis. | Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 |
| According to Edwin Locke, job ________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one’s job experiences, and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job. | satisfaction |
| Isolation, a lack of job security, work overload, harassment, and bullying are all examples of factors that can lead to ________. | job stress |
| Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child. | telecommute |
| Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia? | transformational |
| Design teams for car manufacturers create new vehicle models. What type of team does this exemplify? | creative |
| A police or FBI SWAT team handling a hostage situation exemplifies a ________ team. | tactical |
| What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity? | Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams. |
| What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style? | Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style. |
| Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence? | feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully |
| Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management? | Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths. |
| What is the favored term for human factors psychology in Europe? | ergonomics |
| Ted conducts a study regarding how walking on a treadmill instead of sitting at a desk impacts worker productivity. Ted’s study is within the industrial–organizational specialty area of ________ psychology. | human factors |
| What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study what steps people take to successfully wash their hands before performing surgery? | task analysis |
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Winter4u
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