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Endocrine System C18

Endocrine System Chabner Chapter 18

QuestionAnswer
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce "steroids" Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH
Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues Growth Hormone GH
Acts on the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH
Promotes milk secretion Prolactin PRL
Stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH
Stimulates the ovaries to produce progesterone Luteinizing Hormone LH
Stimulates the testes to produce testosterone Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone ICSH
Induces sleep and affects mood Melatonin
Stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth Oxytocin OT
Increases reabsorption of water by the kidney/Blocks excretion of urine in large volumes=Diuresis Antidiuretic Hormone ADH
Increases metabolism in cells, thyroid produces 80% more of this hormone Thyroxine T-4
Increases metabolism in cells, 4X more strength in affecting the metabolism in cells Triiodothyronine T-3
Decreases blood calcium levels, helps keep calcium in bones, reduces activity of osteoclasts, prevents bone reabsorption Calcitonin
Increases blood calcium, controls Ca++ absorption from GI tract excretion by kidney Parathyroid Hormone PTH
Regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body, Aldosterone (Na+, K+, water homeostasis) Mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone)
Stimulates secondary female sexual characteristics, Estradiol and Estrone Estrogen
Prepares the uterus for pregnancy, maintains pregnancy Progesterone
Stimulate secondary male sexual characteristics, most potent naturally occurring androgen Testosterone
Male hormone stimulates activity of male sex organs, prevents changes in male sex characteristics due to castration Androgen
Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla Catecholamines
Raises blood sugar levels Cortisol
Raises mineral salt reabsorption by kidneys Aldosterone
Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex Corticosteroids
Hormone (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body Mineralocorticoids
Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and dilates airways, part of "fight or flight" reaction Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Decreases blood sugar by conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch) Insulin
Increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose Glucagon
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates Adrenal Cortex ACTH
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues GH
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, Acts on thyroid gland to promote its functioning TSH
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, promotes milk secretion PRL
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen FSH
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates the ovaries to produce progesterone LH
Secreted by Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates testes to produce testosterone ICSH
Secreted by the Pineal Gland, induces sleep Melatonin
Secreted by Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, stimulates childbirth Oxytocin
Secreted by Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland, blocks excretion of urine in large volumes=Diuresis ADH
Secreted by Thyroid Gland, increases metabolism in cells, thyroid gland produces 80% of this hormone T-4
Secreted by Thyroid Gland, increases metabolism in cells, 3 atoms of Iodine T-3
Secreted by Thyroid Gland, decreases blood calcium Calcitonin
Secreted by Parathyroid Glands, increases blood calcium PTH
Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex, increases blood sugar Cortisol
Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex, Steroid Hormone, regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism Glucocorticoids
Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex, increases mineral salt (sodium) reabsorption Aldosterone
Secreted by the Adrenal Cortex, Steroid Hormone, regulates mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body Mineralocorticoids
Secreted by the Ovaries, eg: Estradiol and Estrone Estrogen
Secreted by the Ovaries, prepares uterus for pregnancy Progesterone
Secreted by the testes, male hormone Testosterone
Secreted by the testes, stimulates activity of male sex organs Androgen
Secreted by the Adrenal Medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure, "fight or flight" Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Secreted by the Adrenal Medulla, increases blood pressure, constricts blood vessels Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Secreted by Beta Islet Cells of the Pancreas, decreases blood sugar Insulin
Secreted by Alpha Islet Cells of the Pancreas, increases blood sugar Glucagon
Hypersecretion of GH of the Anterior Pituitary after puberty, Enlargement of the Extremities Acromegaly
Hypersecretion of GH from Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues Gigantism
Hyposecretion of GH of Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland, bones remain small but normal mentally Dwarfism
Hyposecretion of ADH (vasopressin) of the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland, tasteless dilute urine Diabetes Insipidus
Bed wetting Enuresis
Hyposecretion of the Thyroid Gland, Myxedema and Cretinism Hypothyroidism
Hyposecretion of the Thyroid Gland, advanced in adulthood leading to atrophy of the thyroid gland Myxedema
Hyposecretion of the Thyroid Gland, in children leads to lack of normal physical and mental growth Cretinism
Hypersecretion of the Thyroid Gland, Thyrotoxicosis=Thyroid "Storm", most common form of Hyperthyroidism Grave's Disease
Hyposecretion of the Thyroid Gland, enlarged thyroid gland due to lack of Iodine in diet Endemic Goiter
Hyposecretion of the Thyroid Gland, Proptosis=Protrusion of the eyeballs, pushing it forward Exophthalmic Goiter
Hypersecretion of the Thyroid Gland, condition requiring medical emergency Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid "Storm")
Hypersecretion of the Parathyroid Gland, excessive production of parathormone Hyperparathyroidism
Hyposecretion of the Parathyroid Gland, deficient production of parathormone, Tetany=constant muscle contraction Hypoparathyroidism
Bone disease, increased risk of fracture, Bone Mineral Density BMD reduced, porous bones Osteoporosis
Tumor of Parathyroid Gland, kidney stones (Renal Calculi) Nephrolithiasis
Pancreas, decreased insulin or resistance of insulin Diabetes Mellitus DM
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 diabetes) IDDM
Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 diabetes) NIDDM
3 organs most commonly affected by diabetes: eyes (retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy), and kidneys (nephropathy) Triopathy
Destruction of blood vessels of retina causing visual loss and blindness Retinopathy
Destruction of kidneys causing renal failure Nephropathy
Destruction of nerves causing pain, loss of sensation, most common in extremities Neuropathy
Excessive insulin release leading to recurrent episodes of symptomatic reactions occurring 2-4 hours after a high carbohydrate meal or oral glucose load Reactive Hypoglycemia
Excessive drug effects leading to liver damage Hepatotoxicity
Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex, excessive production of adrenal hormones leading to development of male characteristics in the female Adrenal Virilism
Hyposecretion of Adrenal Cortex, insufficient Cortisol and Aldosterone Addison's Disease
Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex, excessive Cortisol, ages 20 to 50 Cushing's Disease
Deficiency of Gonadotropins, sex glands produce little or no hormones; men, glands (gonads) are the testes; in women, they are the ovaries Hypogonadism
Male testes are nonfunctioning or have been removed Eunuchism
Inability of the testicles to produce sperm or male hormones Testicular Failure
Cessation of fertility and diminishing of hormone production Menopause
Created by: kyleburnes
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