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Psycology AQA GCSE
Psycological problems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mental Health Conditions | Some people experience difficulties in the way they think, feel and behave |
| Clinical Depression | A mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels. It involves behaviour, cognitive and emotional characteristics. |
| Nature | Aspects of behaviour which are inherited, it does not simply refer to traits or abilities present at birth but any ability determined by genes. |
| Nero-transmitters | Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles, they send signals across the synapse from one neuron to another |
| Serotonin | Neurotransmitter with widespread inhibitory effects throughout the brain, it regulates mood, and low levels are associated with depression |
| Attribution | When observing behaviour (our own or someone else’s) we automatically and unconsciously provide explanations for their behaviour. |
| Nurture | Refers to aspects of behaviour that are acquired through experience |
| Schema | A mental structure containing all of the information we have about one aspect of the world |
| Antidepressant Medications | A group of drugs which reduce symptoms of depression. SSRI’s are one kind, they are to increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. |
| Holistic | Our understanding of human behaviour is more complete if we consider the ‘bigger picture’ rather than focussing on the constituent parts. |
| Reductionist | Refers to the belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts, more particularly the biological building parts of the body |
| Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) | A method for treating mental health problems based on both cognitive and behaviour techniques. |
| CBT The Cognitive Side | From the cognitive viewpoint, the therapy aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts. |
| CBT The Behaviour Side | From a behaviour point of view the therapy also includes techniques for developing more positive behaviour such as behaviour activation |
| Addiction | A mental health problem in which an individual takes a substance or engages in a behaviour that is pleasurable but eventually becomes compulsive with harmful consequences. |
| How Is Addiction Characterised ? | Addiction is characterised by physical and/or psychological dependence, tolerance and withdrawal |
| Dependence | Indicated by a compulsion to keep taking a drug, or continue a behaviour (psychological dependence) or indicated by withdrawal symptoms (physical dependence) |
| Substance Abuse | Occurs when someone uses a drug for a bad purpose, i.e to get high rather than as a form of medication |
| Substance Missue | Occurs when a person uses a drug in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose |
| Genes | Consists of DNA strands, transmitted from parents to offspring, DNA produces instructions for general physical features (eye colour, height) and specific physical features (neurotransmitter levels and size of brain structures) |
| Genetic Vulnerability | They increase someone's risk of disease or certain psycological problems |
| Heredity Factors | Are the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next |
| Twin Studies | Refers to research conducted using twins. DZ (not identical) MZ (identical) |
| Peer Influence | Concerns the effects our peers have on us. Peers are people who share our interests and are of similar age, social status and background. |
| When Does Peer Influence Become The Strong ? | Peer influence becomes stronger in adolescence when we spend less time with family and more time with friends |
| Social Norms | Refers to a behaviour or belief that is standard, usual, or typical of a group of people. |
| Aversion Therapy | Psychological therapy, patient exposed to stimulus whilst simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. The stimulus becomes associated with the discomfort, which means it is avoided in the future. |
| Classical Conditioning | Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together, an unconditioned (unlearned) stimulus (UCS) and a new ‘neutral’ stimulus. The neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone |
| What does "learnt by association" Mean ? | The definition of classical conditioning |
| 12 Step Programme | Kind of self-help group based on the idea first formulated by Alcoholics Anonymous which set out 12 principles to follow in overcoming addiction |
| Self-Help Group | Members of the group share a common problem and provide support for each other |
| Self-Management Programme | People who benefit from the programme also direct (manage) the activities. Members set the rules and ensure that all members adhere to them. They make key decisions, such as who can join or how often to meet |
Created by:
Bumblez
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