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Change over time
Ls.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species | a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring, sharing similar characteristics and a common gene pool |
| Evolution | the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations |
| Fossil | the preserved remnant, impression, or trace of an ancient organism from a past geological age, such as bones, shells, or footprints |
| Adaptation | the process or state of adjusting to new environments, conditions, or challenges, or a, structure/behavioral feature that improves an organism's survival |
| Scientific theory | a well-substantiated, comprehensive explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts, laws, and tested hypotheses, consistently confirmed through observation and experimentation |
| Natural selection | a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive, reproduce more, and pass on favorable genetic traits to offspring |
| Competition | a relationship between organisms or species where both are harmed as they strive for the same limited resource. |
| Sexual selection | a form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more successful than others at obtaining mates and reproducing |
| Coevolution | the process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection. |
| Fossil record | the total collection of all discovered fossils, including body fossils (remains) and trace fossils (footprints, burrows), embedded within Earth’s geological rock strata |
| Embryo | the earliest developmental stage of a multicellular organism, emerging after fertilization and preceding the fetal stage. |
| Homologous structures | physical features in different organisms that share a common evolutionary ancestor, even if their functions differ |
| Extinct | the complete disappearance of a species, subspecies, or group of organisms, occurring when the last surviving member dies |
| Vestigial organs | non-functional or reduced remnants of structures that served crucial purposes in evolutionary ancestors |
| Molecular clock | a scientific technique that estimates the timing of evolutionary events (species divergence) by measuring the accumulated number of genetic mutations in DNA or protein sequences over time |
| Relative dating | a geological and archaeological method used to determine the chronological order of past events, fossils, or rock layers without establishing their exact age |
| Absolute dating | provides a numerical age or range in calendar years for fossils, rocks, and artifacts, rather than just an order of events |
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