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Psycology AQA GCSE
language thought and communication
| Schema | A mental framework of beliefs and expectations that influence cognitive processing. We are born with some schemas but they develop in complexity with experience of the world. |
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | This theory believes that the language a person speaks has a great influence on the way they think and perceive. |
| Strong Version of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | The strong version says that language determines thought, and we are unable to think about things we do not have the words for. |
| Weak Version of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | The weak version says that language affects what we perceive and remember. |
| Animal Communication | The exchange of information between animals within the same species using a variety of signals. Some of these signals are vocal (involve sound) but some are visual or involve smell. |
| Language | A communication system unique to humans. It consists of a set of arbitrary conventional symbols through which meaning is conveyed. These symbols can be combined in such a way that an infinite number of novel messages can be produced. |
| Eye Contact | When two people look at each other’s eyes at the same time. |
| Eye Contact Communication | Eye contact has a number of roles in communication such as regulating the flow of conversation, signalling attraction and expressing emotion |
| Non-verbal Communication | Exchanging information without using words. It includes eye contact and facial expression as well as more general body language |
| Verbal Communication | The use of words as a way of expressing your thoughts and how you feel. |
| Body Language | The way in which attitudes and feelings are communicated to others through unspoken movements and gestures. |
| Closed Posture | Having arms and / or legs crossed is a closed posture which suggests that the person is in disagreement with what is being said, r is possibly annoyed |
| Open Posture | A relaxed posture (without arms and / or legs being crossed) is an open posture which suggests someone is listening in a social interaction and is in agreement with what is being said. |
| Postural Echo | A similarity or mirroring of body positions by people in a social interaction. Postural echo tends to suggest that two people are getting on well. |
| Culture | Refers to the beliefs or expectations that surround us. We are not conscious of living in a culture. |
| Gender | A person’s sense of male or femaleness, including attitudes and behaviour of that gender. |
| Personal Space | An invisible portable ‘bubble’ that surrounds each individual. The size of the bubble depends on who we are with. |
| Status | Relating to the social or professional position. For example, a headteacher may have a higher status than a normal teacher in a school. |
| Adaptive | Any physical or psychological characteristic that enhances an individual’s survival and reproduction and is thus likely to be naturally selected. Such characteristics are passed on to future generations. |
| Evolutionary Theory | Explains how species have adapted to their environment over millions of years. Behaviours that increase chances of survival and most important, successful reproduction, are naturally selected and passed onto the next generation. |
| Innate | Literally means ‘inborn’, a product of genetic factors. |
| Neonates | The name given to new born babies. |
| Sensory Deprived | Describes an animal or human who does not have a particular sensory ability, such as hearing or seeing |
| Emoticon | This word is a combination of ‘emotion’ and ‘icon’. It is a non-verbal way of expressing mood or emotion within written communication such as a text or an email. |
Created by:
Bumblez
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