Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Earthquake - occurs when energy stored in rocks is suddenly released - mostly at plate boundaries - mechanical energy seismic waves
CAUSES of earthquakes - movement along faults - volcanic eruptions - landslides - underground bomb testing - fracking
Elastic Rebound Theory How energy is released during an earthquake: 1. rocks DEFORM or bend 2. rocks RUPTURE when pressure accumulates in rocks on either side of a fault 3. rocks REBOUND and return to their original shape when accumulated pressure is released
Seismology study of earthquakes
Seismograph an instrument used to measure earthquakes and record them (the record is called a seismoGRAM)
Earthquakes occur (surface level) - BELOW the surface along the fault where earthquakes occur is called the HYPOCENTER or FOCUS - the EPICENTER is the place ON the surface directly above the hypocenter
Where do earthquakes (location) - about 80% of all earthquakes occur in the CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT - 15% in the MEDITERRANEAN-ASIATIC BELT - 5% occur along oceanic ridges
Seismic Waves cause most of the damage and shaking people feel during an earthquake
Body Waves travel through the interior of the Earth (p-waves and s-waves)
Surface Waves travel along, or just below, the surface
P-waves (primary waves) - compressional waves move like an accordion - travel faster then S-waves - travel through solids and liquids
S- waves (secondary waves) - shear waves move like a rope wave - travel slower than P-waves - cannot travel through liquids - solid only
Intensity a measure of the kind of damage that occurs during the earthquake.
Magnitude a measure of the amount of energy that is released during an earthquake
Richter Magnitude determined by measuring the amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded on a seismogram
Seismic-moment Magnitude Scale - modified Richter Magnitude Scale - also takes into account: - rock strength - area of the hypocenter - amount of movement of rocks along the fault - more effectively measures amount of energy released by very large earthquakes.
Ground Shaking the most destructive of all earthquake hazards is ground shaking
Liquefication occurs when water-saturated clays become fluid during ground shaking
Fire occurs and spreads when natural gas and water lines break
Tsunami earthquakes on the seafloor that generate deadly waves
Ground Failure earthquakes trigger landslides and rock slide that are responsible for many deaths and much damage
Seismic Risk Maps help geologists determine the likelihood and potential severity of future earthquakes based on the intensity in the past
Earthquake Precursors short-term and long-term changes within the Earth prior to an earthquake that assist in prediction. -seismic gaps -surface elevation changes - ground water table fluctuations - local changes in Earth's magnetic field
Tomography a technique for developing better models of the Earth's interior
Asthenosphere is an important zone in the mantle because this is where magma is generated
Decreased Elasticity accounts for decreased seismic wave velocity in the low-velocity asthenosphere. This decreased elasticity allows the asthenosphere to flow plastically
Peridotite is thought to represent the main composition in the mantle
Geothermal Gradient - measures the increase in temperature with depth in the Earth - most of Earth's internal heat is generated by radioactive decay in the mantle, in particular U, Th, and 40
Continental Crust is mostly granitic and low in density
Oceanic Crust is mostly gabbro in its lower parts, overlain by basalt
Created by: user1115
Popular Physical Science sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards