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Protein Synthesis
Unit Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the shape of DNA described as? | double helix |
| What are the individual units that make up DNA called? | nucleotides |
| What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | Phosphate group, sugar ring, nitrogenous base |
| What enzyme unzips the double helix? | Helicase |
| What does it mean for replication to be semiconservative? | Original strand is kept while one strand is created |
| What enzyme adds free nucleotides and spot checks the DNA for errors? | DNA polymerase |
| What are Okazaki fragments? | Short segments of DNA found on the lagging strand |
| What does transcription make? | mRNA |
| What is mRNA? | Strand of RNA that was created from making a copy of the DNA strand in the nucleus |
| Where does transcription take place? | nucleus |
| What needs to happen to the mRNA before it can be used in translation/ what is cut out? | mRNA needs to be proofread and introns are kept to remove any noncoding information. Exons are kept to ensure correct protein is made. |
| What does translation make? | proteins |
| Where does this process take place? | Cytoplasm |
| What code is read off by the ribosome to make the polypeptide? | Genetic code |
| What molecules do the tRNA carry? | Amino acids |
| What is the difference between a polypeptide chain and a protein? | Polypeptide chain is a collection of amino acids and proteins are collections of polypeptide chains |
| What is a mutation? | A change in the genetic sequence |
| What a point mutation would look like? | It could change one base and result in either the same amino acid, different amino acid or a premature stop codon. |
| What is a frameshift mutation? | Either a base gets added or deleted and shifts the entire sequence resulting in different amino acids. |
| What is mutation is generally more dangerous, and why? | Frameshift because it changes all of the amino acids which can give an incorrect protein. |
| Compare the leading strand vs the lagging strand. | Leading strand is made continuously while the lagging strand is found in DNA fragments. |
| Why is telomerase important to understanding cancer cells? | Telomerase replaces the ends of chromosomes allowing for many cycles of cell division. |
| How does RNA differ from DNA? | The sugar in RNA is ribose, has a uracil instead of thymine and is single stranded. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, has thymine instead of uracil, and is double stranded. |
| What is an anticodon? | Complimentary 3-base sequence found on tRNA to make proteins. |
| What is the difference between a missense and nonsense mutation? | Missense results in one amino acid change vs nonsense results in a premature stop. |
| What is the function of DNA? | carries genetic information for all living things |
| How does DNA make proteins? | DNA carries genetic information to create proteins |
| Which scientists proposed the double helix? | Watson and Crick |
| What are the DNA base pairs? | A-T & G-C |
| What makes up the backbone of DNA? | Sugar and phosphate |
| What are the 3 types of RNA? | mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA |
| What is a replication bubble? | Origin of replication where DNA unzips. |
| What does it mean to be antiparallel? | DNA strand run opposite directions |
| What is a codon? | Sequence of 3 nucleotide bases on the mRNA strand |
| How many nucleotide bases make up a codon? | 3 |
| What enzyme seals Okazaki fragments together? | ligase |
| What is the function of topoisomerase? | Removes strain from DNA strand to make unzipping easier |
| What is the final product of DNA replication? | Makes 2 new copies of DNA |
Created by:
joscelineg
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