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Cycles/Human Impacts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eutrophication | A process where excess nutrients (like nitrogen) end up in a body of water, causing increased algae growth, leading to oxygen depletion and dead zones |
| climate change | a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of carbon in the atmosphere |
| pollution | Release of harmful materials into the environment |
| global warming | An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes) |
| greenhouse effect | Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide and other gases |
| deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. |
| habitat destruction | Damage done to a habitat that results in the loss of resources that organisms need to survive, like food, water, and shelter |
| Overharvesting | catching or removing from a population more organisms than the population can replace |
| Climate | Overall weather (temperature and precipitation) in an area over a long period of time |
| Point Source Pollution | pollution that comes from a specific site/cause |
| non-point source pollution | pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site |
| Interdependence | Within an ecosystem, changes in one population will impact another population |
| water cycle | The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back |
| nitrogen cycle | The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere |
| carbon cycle | The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again |
| photosynthesis | Conversion of light energy from the sun and carbon dioxide into chemical energy. Done by producers |
| cellular respiration | Process that releases energy and carbon dioxide by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| decomposition | A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products. |
| nitrogen fixation | The process of changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form. Done by lightning and bacteria. |
| precipitation | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface. |
| evaporation | The change of a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | The change from a gas to a liquid |
| transpiration | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant |
| runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground |
| Infiltration/Percolation | the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil |
| Combustion | the process of burning fossil fuels. Releases carbon into the atmosphere |
| Groundwater | water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock. |
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