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PSYC 203
Test 4 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Experimental Design | research where you change something to see the effects |
| Purpose of Experiments | figure out if one thing actually causes another thing to happen |
| Causal Claim | saying that one variable directly causes a change in another |
| Covariance | when two things change together |
| Temporal Precedence | the cause happens before the effect |
| Internal Validity | how sure we are that the IV caused the result |
| Experimental Group | the group receiving treatment |
| Control Group | the group that does not receive treatment, used for comparison |
| Independent Variable | what the researcher changes |
| Dependent Variable | what the researcher measures |
| Control Variables | things kept the same so they do not affect results |
| Confounding Variable | an outside factor that could mess up the results by affecting the DV (randomly assign/control conditions) |
| Systematic Variability | differences caused by the UV or a confound (not random) |
| Unsystematic Variability | random differences (ex: luck) |
| Selection Effects | when groups are different before the experiment starts |
| Within Group (Withing-Subjects) Design | same people are tested in all conditions |
| Pros/Cons of Within Group | less participants, controls for differences/order effects |
| Independent (Between-Subjects) Design | different people are in each group |
| Pros/Cons of Independent Design | no order effects/more participants necessary |
| Concurrent Design | multiple conditions are measured at the same time |
| Post-Only Design | measure results only after the experiment |
| Pre/Post Design | measure before and after the experiment |
| Inferential Statistics | math used to decide if results are real or due to chance |
| T-Test | compares averages of two groups |
| T-Value | shows how big the difference is between groups |
| Degrees of Freedon | number based on sample size that helps interpret results |
| P-Value | shows the chance that results happened randomly |
| Statistical Significance | when results are unlikely due to chance |
| Belmont Report | a set of rules for doing ethical research with people |
| Principle of Respect for Persons | treat people with respect/voluntary participation |
| Principle of Beneficence | do no harm, help participants |
| Principle of Justice | be fair about who participates and who benefits |
| Standard 8 | rules for doing research safely and ethically (consent, debriefing, privacy, animal care) |
| Institutional Review Board | group that checks research to ensure it is safe and ethical |
| Principle of Fidelity/Responsibility | equal representation of participants |
| Principle of Integrity | be accurate, truthful, and honest in any role |
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