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FORM: Exam 2
Language Development in Children
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint-Attention | Caregiver and child are focusing on the same object or event at the same time -necessary in development |
| Motherese | Type of adult speech production used with babies. Short, simple sentences, high pitch, significant pauses, exaggerated facial expressions, repeats babies and own utterances, utilizes object or activity baby is engaged in |
| Contingent Responses | Caregiver’s reaction/response to infant’s behavior; influencing infant’s behavior. Includes use of turn taking, responding to infant as communicative partner, mirroring |
| Expansions | caregiver extends a child's utterance into a complete form. the child’s utterance and maintains what is believed to be child’s communicative intent -word order doesn't change -main intent stays intact |
| examples of expansion | “Mommy Daddy” = Yes, Mommy and Daddy are here. “Mommy book.” = Mommy, get a book for me? |
| how does Expansion promote LD | it reinforces: -better understanding of grammatical functions of words and rules to use them together -ability to maintaining attention/focus -turn taking -learning grammatical morphemes (plurals, possessives, + tense markers) |
| Extensions | When a caregiver does more than expand the child’s utterance by providing a more syntactically accurate model and additional semantic information |
| example of Extension | “Daddy go.” = “Yes, Daddy went to work.” |
| Hart & Risely: Child-Directed Speech | -Amt of parent talk to child directly relates to variation in IQ and language ability -Amt of talk to children birth – 3 years predicts academic success at 9 & 10 yrs -Children with advanced language have parents who talk to them significantly more. |
| Over-Extensions | also called over generalization -one word expresses multiple meanings ("dog" applies to all 4-leg animals |
| Under-Extensions | one word offers narrow application of a given meaning - using "apple juice" to mean all juices" |
| 5 Brown's Stages | |
| stage 1 | |
| stage 2 | |
| stage 3 | |
| stage 4 | |
| stage 5 | |
| what does FORM refer to | syntax, word order |
| Morpheme | Smallest unit of meaning in a word |
| Free Morpheme | Stands alone. Is a single word. Exists by itself as a unit of meaning. |
| Bound Morpheme | Unit attached to words that adds information to the meaning. Can be derivational or inflectional. |
| Inflectional Morpheme | |
| Derivational Morpheme | |
| Present Progressive | 19-28 months -mommy runn-'ING' |
| Preposition 'in' and 'on' | 27-30 months -milk 'IN' cup -doggy 'ON' bed |
| Regular plural | 27-33 months -girl-'S' playing |
| Irregular past tense | 25-46 months -mommy 'WENT' work |
| Possessive | 26-40 months -doggy'S bed |
| Uncontractible Copula | 27-39 months -linking verb CAN'T be shortened -doggy 'WAS' bad |
| Articles 'the' and 'a' | 28-46 months -doggy eating 'THE' treat |
| Regular past tense (-ed) | 26-48 months -mommy look-'ED' |
| Regular 3rd person singular | 26-46 months -she eat'S |
| Uncontractible Auxiliary | 29-48 months -helping verb CAN'T be shortened -i 'WAS' eating |
| Contractible Copula | 29-49 months -linking verb CAN be shortened to 's -billy'S bad |
| Contractible Auxiliary | 30-50 months -helping verb CAN be shortened -he'S running |
| Irregular 3rd person singular | 28-50 months -daddy 'HAS' cookie |
| Main Auxiliary verbs | "do", "be", "have" -shows aspects of time (perfect or continuous) |
| Modal Auxiliary verbs | -shows grammatical 'mood' of following verb -'mood' meaning its NECESSITY (must), POSSIBILITY (might), ABILITY (can), PERMISSION (should) |
Created by:
liz gelles
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