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Reporting Category 4
Terms, Definitions, and Images
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Interdependence | The relationship between organisms and their environment where living things depend on each other and their surroundings to survive |
| Ecosystem | A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment |
| Organism | A living thing; a single individual plant, animal, fungus, or microorganism |
| Population | A group of the same species living in the same area at the same time |
| Biotic factors | Living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms |
| Abiotic factors | Non-living physical components of an ecosystem, such as light, water, temperature, and soil composition |
| Competition | The struggle between organisms for limited resources such as food, water, light, or space |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life; the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms |
| Cell theory | The scientific principle stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Variation | Differences in traits or characteristics among individuals in a population |
| Survival | The ability of an organism or population to stay alive and reproduce in its environment |
| System | A group of organs working together to perform a specific function in the body |
| Circulatory system | The body system that transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body using the heart, blood vessels, and blood |
| Respiratory system | The body system responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide through breathing |
| Skeletal system | The body system made up of bones and cartilage that provides structure, support, and protection for the body |
| Muscular system | The body system composed of muscles that work with bones to enable movement and maintain posture |
| Digestive system | The body system that breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body |
| Urinary system | The body system that filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body as urine |
| Reproductive system | The body system responsible for producing offspring and passing genetic material to the next generation |
| Integumentary system | The body system that includes skin, hair, and nails and protects the body from the environment |
| Nervous system | The body system that receives and processes information from the environment and controls body responses |
| Immune system | The body system that defends the body against disease-causing pathogens and harmful invaders |
| Endocrine system | The body system made up of glands that produce hormones to regulate body functions and growth |
| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction that requires only one parent organism and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction that requires two parent organisms and produces offspring with genetic variation from both parents |
| Diversity of offspring | The variety of traits and differences among young organisms produced through reproduction |
| Natural selection | The process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to offspring |
| Artificial selection | The process by which humans choose organisms with desired traits to breed together, causing those traits to become more common in a population |
| Trait | A characteristic or feature of an organism, such as eye color, height, or fur texture |
| Population | A group of the same species living in the same area at the same time |
| Cell membrane | The thin layer that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits the cell |
| Cell wall | A rigid outer layer that surrounds plant cells and provides structure and support |
| Nucleus | The membrane-bound organelle in a cell that contains genetic material and controls cell activities |
| Ribosomes | Cell organelles that are responsible for making proteins |
| Cytoplasm | The gel-like substance inside the cell that contains organelles and supports cell functions |
| Mitochondria | The organelle responsible for producing energy for the cell through cellular respiration |
| Chloroplasts | The organelle found in plant cells that captures light energy and uses it to make food through photosynthesis |
| Vacuoles | Storage organelles in cells that hold water, nutrients, or waste materials |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that contains instructions for a specific trait or protein |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genes and is found in the nucleus |
| Inherited traits | Characteristics passed from parents to offspring through genes |
| Offspring | Young organisms produced by parent organisms through reproduction |
| Variation | Differences in traits or characteristics among individuals in a population |
| Adaptation | A trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Structural adaptation | A physical feature or body part that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| Behavioral adaptation | An action or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Physiological adaptation | An internal body process or function that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| Survival | The ability of an organism to stay alive in its environment |
| Reproductive success | The ability of an organism to produce offspring that survive and reproduce |
| Species | A group of organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring |
| Generation | A group of organisms born around the same time; one stage in the succession of organisms over time |
| Ecosystem | A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment |
| Cycling of matter | The continuous movement of materials like water, carbon, and nitrogen between living organisms and the environment |
| Flow of energy | The movement of energy from the sun through organisms in an ecosystem |
| Trophic level | A position in a food chain or food web representing the role an organism plays in energy transfer |
| Energy pyramid | A diagram showing how energy is distributed among trophic levels, with less energy available at each successive level |
| Producer | An organism, usually a plant, that makes its own food using energy from the sun through photosynthesis |
| Consumer | An organism that eats other organisms to obtain energy |
| Primary consumer | An herbivore; an organism that eats producers (plants) |
| Secondary consumer | A carnivore or omnivore that eats primary consumers |
| Tertiary consumer | A carnivore that eats secondary consumers |
| Decomposer | An organism, such as bacteria or fungi, that breaks down dead organisms and returns nutrients to the soil |
| Energy transfer | The movement of energy from one organism to another through feeding relationships |
| Available energy | The amount of usable energy remaining at each trophic level after energy is lost as heat |
| Successive trophic levels | The sequence of feeding levels in an ecosystem, moving from producers to various levels of consumers |
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