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Chapter 12 - Exam 3
PSYC 315 psychopathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is acute stress disorder? | development during or within 1 month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor |
| what is adjustment disorder? | short term diagnosis given to individuals who react to common (and less severe) forms of stress in an unsual/disproportionate manner. |
| what is allostatic load? | progressive wear and tear on biological systems due to chronic stress |
| what is child maltreatment? | the abuse and neglect of children by parents or by others responsible for their welfare |
| what is complex trauma? | reactions to trauma that consist of more complex patterns extending beyond typical symptoms related to PTSD |
| what is cycle-of-violence hypothesis? | the repitition of patterns of violent behavior across generations |
| what is derealization? | persistent or recurrent experiences of unreality of surroundings |
| what is depersonalization? | persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from and as if one were outside observer of, ones mental process or body |
| what is disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)? | pattern of overly familiar and culturally inappropriate behavior with relative strangers |
| what is dissociation? | altered state of consciousness in which the individual feels detached from the body or self |
| what is educational neglect? | failure to provide for a childs basic educational needs such as allowing chronic truancy, not enrolling a child to school and failing to attent to a special educational need |
| what is emotion regulation? | process where emotional arousal is redirected/ modified to facilitate adaptive functioning |
| what is emotional neglect? | failure to provide for a childs basic emotional needs such as inattention to the childs needs for affection, refusal/failure to provide needed psychological care |
| what is expectable environment? | external conditions or surroundings that are considered to be fundamental and necessary for healthy development |
| what is grief and trauma intervention for children? | ? |
| what is information-processing disturbances? | cognitive misperceptions and distortions in the way events are perceived and interpreted |
| what is physical abuse? | the intentional use of physical force that can result in physical injury |
| what is physical neglect? | failure to provide for a childs basic physical needs. including refusal/delay of health care, lack of foos, abandonment and more |
| what is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? | the child displays persistent anxiety following exposure to or witnessing of an overwhelming traumatic/ stressful event |
| what is psychological abuse? | repeated acts that may cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders |
| what is psychological first aid? | ? |
| what is reactive attachment disorder (RAD)? | pattern of disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors |
| what are relational disorders? | disorders that occur in the context of relationships such as child abuse and neglect |
| what is sexual abuse? | involves pressuring or forcing a child to engage in sexual acts |
| what are stressful events? | events that are less extreme than traumatic events and stem from single events or multiple or ongoing stressful situations or events |
| what is trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)? | therapy that incorporates elements of cognitive-behavioral, attachment, humanistic, empowerment, and family therapy models |
| what are traumatic events? | exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury and are considered uncommon or extreme stressors |
| what is traumatic sexualization? | a childs sexual knowledge and behavior are shaped in developmentally inappropriate ways |
| child maltreatment is the generic term for which 4 primary acts ? | physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse |
| what is the positive end in the continuum of childcare? | appropriate and healthy forms of child-rearing actions that promote child development |
| what is the middle range in the continuum of childcare? | poor/dysfunctional actions represent irresponsible and harmful childcare |
| what is the negative end in the continuum of childcare? | parents who violate their childs basic needs and dependency status in a physically, sexually or emotionally instrusive or abusive manner |
| what three forms can neglect take form? | physical, education and emotional |
| what can be the consequences of child maltreatment? | with earlier onset of maltreatment theres more anxiety & depression with later onset of maltreatment theres more externalizing problems |
| what are some characteristics of physically abused children? | aggression and noncompliance, learning and achievement deficits, peer relationships and more |
| what are some characteritics of children with reactive attachment disorder? | show no consistent effort to seek comfort or nurturance from their caregiver, fail to respond to their caregivers efforts to comfort them and more |
| true or false. the prevalence of RAD and DSED is unknown | true |
| true or false. its known why some kids develop RAD or DSED | false. its unknown |
| what do you need to diagnose a child with PTSD | involves 4 core features that persist longer than 1 month. there has to be symptoms of intrusion & avoidance of distressing thoughts as well as distortions in thoughts or feelings and extreme arousal and reactivity |
| what is the prevalence of PSTD? | in teens 12 to 17 years old the 6 month prevalnce was 3.7% for boys and 6.3% for girls |
| how do girls and boy process and express their PTSD | girls tend to show more internalizing signs of distress while boys show more heitened levels of physical and verbal aggression |
| what are the neurbiological changes to children and adults with a history of child abuse? | long term alterations in the HPA axis and norepinephrine system as well as affected brain areas like the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala |
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