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Renal Review
Review of Renal system for RST 1530 PGCC course
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Internal region of kidney (1 of 3) | Renal cortex - Contains the glomeruli and the proximal and distal tubules. |
| Internal region of kidney (2 of 3) | Renal medulla - Contains pyramids:cone shaped areas of tissue containing loops of Henle and collecting ducts. Renal columns: extension of cortical tissue separating pyramids |
| Internal region of kidney (3 of 3) | Renal pelvis: Branched in minor & major calcyes which form cup-like structures surrounding the papillae |
| How is blood carried to the kidneys | Via the Renal arteries: They take 1/4 of the cardiac output to kidneys, they divide into segmental, lobar,& then 5 interlobar arteries which pass between the medullary pyramids |
| What's the functional unit of the kidney? | The nephron |
| What are the 7 parts of the Nephron? | Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loops of Henle, and the collecting ducts. |
| If BP falls how does the hypothalamus respond? | By releasing ADH in order to conserve water. |
| As BP rises, the adrenal glands will respond by: | stopping aldosterone release to increase diuresis. |
| If the juxtaglomerular cells baroreceptors detect a fall in BP then juxtaglomerular cells will: | Release renin which will then become Angiotensin II(vasopressin) the most potent vasoconstrictor in the body. |
| Angiotensin also tells the body to do what if BP drops? | It tells the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone which increases reabsorption of the NA+ and water from the nephron which increase BV & BP. |
| What is ANP & when is it released? | ANP is Atrial natriuretic peptide and is released by the atrial myocardium when its overstretched (incresed BV) which decreases the release of aldosterone & renin. |
| A normal ph level is what? | Between 7.35 - 7.45 |
| What pH level represents an acidosis? | A pH level < 7.35 |
| What pH level represents an alkalosis? | A pH level > 7.45 |
| What do the kidneys do when the pH drops below 7.35? | The Kidneys excrete more H+ and to retain more HCO3- (bicarb) and K+ |
| What do the kidneys do when the pH rises above 7.45 | The body retainx CL- in place of HCO3-(bicarb) and saves H+ excreting K+ |
| Normal Bicarbonate level (HCO-3)? | 22-26 mmol/L |
| Normal BUN level? | 7-20 mg/dL |
| Normal Creatinine level? | 0.6 - 1.5 mg/dl |
| Hypervolemia | increased BV |
| Hypovolemia | decreased BV |
| Urination | Process of expelling urine; also called micturation |
| Voiding | Expelling urine from the bladder |
| Urinal | A basin or container for collecting urine |
| Incontinence | Inability to control urination. |
| Catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids; urinary catheter is a tube placed into the urethra and bladder to collect urine. |
| Specific gravity | Comparison of density of urine with that of water, reflecting the amounts of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine. Elevated in diabetes. |
| Hemiodialysis | The process of removing blood from an artery to remove wastes and adjust fluid and electrolyte balance, then returning it to a vein. |
| Peritoneal dialysis | Fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity causing wastes from the capillaries to pass out of the blood and into the fluid which is then withdrawn. |
| ARF | Acute renal failure |
| ESRD | End stage renal failure |
Created by:
rvanderp
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