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Mental/Physical Heal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Health Psychology | The study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. |
| Hypertension | Chronic high blood pressure, often stress-related, affecting cardiovascular health. |
| Immune Suppression | The reduction in the effectiveness of the immune system, often due to stress. |
| Stressors | Specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten their well-being. |
| Daily Hassles | Everyday minor events that cause stress. |
| Eustress | Positive, motivating stress that enhances one’s functioning. |
| Distress | Negative stress that can lead to health problems or decreased functioning. |
| Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) | Potentially traumatic events that occur during childhood. |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | The three-stage process that describes the physiological changes the body goes through when under stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion. |
| Alarm Reaction Phase | The initial reaction to a stressor, activating the sympathetic nervous system. |
| Resistance Phase | The body adapts to the stressor but at a high cost in energy and effort. |
| Flight-Fight-Freeze Response | The body's automatic, built-in system designed to protect it from threat or danger. |
| Exhaustion Phase | The phase in which the body's ability to resist is depleted. |
| Tend-and-Befriend Theory | A theory proposing that women are more likely to respond to stress with nurturing behaviors and forming alliances than fight-or-flight. |
| Problem-focused Coping | Strategies aimed at tackling a stressful situation directly. |
| Emotion-focused Coping | Strategies aimed at managing the emotional response to stress. |
| Positive Psychology | The study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. |
| Subjective Well-being | How people experience the quality of their lives, including both emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. |
| Resilience | The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties. |
| Posttraumatic Growth | Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances. |
| Signature Strengths & Virtues | Personal characteristics that define who we are and which we use to navigate life effectively. |
| Categories of Virtues | Broad domains of human behavior that reflect good character; they include wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. |
| Abnormal Psychology | The study of psychological disorders and their treatment. |
| Clinical Psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability. |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) | The most recent edition of the manual used by clinicians to diagnose and classify mental disorders. |
| International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD) | Global version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| Behavioral Perspective | Focuses on observable behaviors and the ways in which they're learned. |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | An approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. |
| Humanistic Perspective | An approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior. |
| Cognitive Perspective | The study of how we perceive, think, and solve problems. |
| Evolutionary Perspective | The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection. |
| Sociocultural Perspective | A psychological perspective that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior. |
| Biological Perspective | The scientific study of the biological bases of behavior and mental states. |
| Biopsychosocial Model | An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. |
| Acrophobia | Fear of heights |
| Arachnophobia | Fear of spiders |
| Agoraphobia | Fear of places or situations that might cause panic, helplessness, or embarrassment. |
| Ataque de nervios | A cultural syndrome seen among individuals from Latin American and Latino communities, symptoms of intense emotional upset, anxiety, anger, or grief, screaming uncontrollably, crying, trembling, and sometimes experiences or seizure-like episodes. |
| Taijin Kyofusho | A cultural syndrome most commonly found in Japan, characterized by an intense fear that one's body, body parts, or bodily functions are displeasing, embarrassing, or offensive to other people. |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders | :Disorders characterized by persistent, uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions) and the need to perform certain rituals (compulsions) in an attempt to control anxiety. |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | A disorder characterized by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | A disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior, interests, or activities. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of body weight or shape. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder marked by binge eating, followed by methods to avoid weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, or excessive exercise. |
| Cluster A Personality Disorders | Personality disorders characterized by odd, eccentric thinking or behavior; includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | Cluster A; Distrust and suspicion of others. |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | Cluster A; Detachment from social relationships. |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder | Cluster A; A pattern of peculiarities in thinking, perception, and behavior. |
| Cluster B Personality Disorders | Personality disorders characterized by dramatic, overly emotional, or unpredictable thinking or behavior; includes antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | Cluster B; A disregard for and violation of the rights of others. |
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | Cluster B; Excessive emotionality and attention seeking. |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Cluster B; Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | Cluster B; Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. |
| Cluster C Personality Disorders | Personality disorders characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior; includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. |
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | Cluster C; Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. |
| Dependent Personality Disorder | Cluster C; Excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | Cluster C; Preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control. |
| Delusions of Persecution | Beliefs that others are out to harm or harass the individual. |
| Delusions of Grandeur | Beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important. |
| Hallucinations | False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. |
| Word Salad | Jumbled words and phrases that are disconnected or incoherent. |
| Catatonia | A state of unresponsiveness to one's environment, including a lack of motor skills or interaction with others. (schizo) |
| Flat Affect | A lack of emotional responsiveness. (schizo) |
| Dopamine Hypothesis | The theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. |
| Positive Symptoms | Symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; includes hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking. |
| Negative Symptoms | Symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior; tend to appear as deficits in functioning, such as flat affect, lack of emotional response, and withdrawal from reality. |
| Dissociative Amnesia | A disorder characterized by the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information. |
| Dissociative Fugue | A disorder in which one travels away from home and is unable to remember details of his past, including often his identity. |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. |
| Major Depressive Disorder | A disorder characterized by severe depression that occurs in episodes. |
| Persistent Depressive Disorder | A moderate form of depression that lasts for at least two years. |
| Bipolar Disorder | A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. |
| Bipolar Cycling | The process of cycling between manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. |
| Bipolar I Disorder | A type of bipolar disorder marked by full manic and major depressive episodes. |
| Bipolar II Disorder | A type of bipolar disorder marked by milder manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes. |
| Deinstitutionalization | The policy of moving severely mentally ill patients out of large state institutions and then closing part or all of those institutions. |
| Evidence-Based Interventions | Treatments that are supported by research that has consistently shown them to be effective. |
| Cultural Humility | An approach to engagement across cultures that emphasizes openness and self-awareness of one’s own cultural identity and views about difference. |
| Therapeutic Alliance | The relationship between a healthcare professional and a client (or patient). |
| Nonmaleficence | A principle requiring that they do no harm to their clients. |
| Fidelity | Faithfulness; loyalty. In psychology, it refers to the responsibility of maintaining accuracy and honesty. |
| Integrity | The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change. |
| Free Association | A method in psychoanalytic therapy originated by Freud in which the patient says whatever comes to mind. |
| Person-Centered Therapy | A form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes the creation of a supportive environment for self-discovery. |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. |
| Cognitive Therapies | Therapeutic approaches that focus on changing faulty thought processes and beliefs to treat problem behaviors. |
| Maladaptive Thinking | Faulty, inaccurate, and counterproductive thought patterns. |
| Cognitive Restructuring | A therapeutic process aimed at challenging and changing unhealthy thought patterns. |
| Cognitive Triad | Negative views about the self, the world, and the future that are characteristic of depression. |
| Applied Behavior Analysis | A field of psychology that focuses on applying learning principles to change behavior. |
| Exposure Therapy | Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear and avoid. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. |
| Aversion Therapy | A type of behavioral treatment where an aversive stimulus is paired with a harmful or socially undesirable behavior until the behavior becomes associated with unpleasant sensations |
| Token Economies | A form of behavior modification designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. |
| Biofeedback | A process through which the patient learns to control bodily states by monitoring the states to be controlled. |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBT) | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
| Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) | A form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder and other conditions. |
| Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | A confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions. |
| Psychotropic Medication Therapy | The treatment of psychiatric disorders with medication that affects brain chemistry. |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face and jaw. |
| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| Lesioning | The removal or destruction of part of the brain. |
| TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) | The use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study brain regions. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
Created by:
o.t.2001
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