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Psyc-Study Guide 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. | Congruence |
| According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. | choleric |
| Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person. | phlegmatic |
| Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, “my smother” instead of “my mother.” What does this exemplify? | Freudian slip |
| Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. | id |
| Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? | denial |
| After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? | regression |
| According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. | oral |
| Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? | Karen Horney |
| A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society. | inferiority |
| Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? | archetypes |
| Max’s behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? | Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. |
| When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney’s coping strategy is Marcos using? | moving against people |
| What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? | Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. |
| Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler’s main contributions to personality theory? | suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality |
| What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development? | An individual’s personality develops throughout the lifespan. |
| According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? | balance between extroversion and introversion |
| In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. | anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded |
| Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. | an internal locus of control |
| What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? | They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions. |
| What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? | Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. |
| Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? | Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. |
| According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. | self-actualization |
| According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one’s ______ self and their ________ self. | real; ideal |
| How can parents help their children achieve high congruence? | giving them unconditional positive regard |
| ________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. | Heritability |
| Of the following options, which is not one of the temperaments first proposed by Thomas and Chess (1977)? | the secure baby |
| What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? | Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. |
| ________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. | Trait |
| What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck? | psychoticism versus superego control |
| In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the “X” refer? | extraversion |
| Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world? | James, who lives in England |
| What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality? | the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures |
| How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)? | 10 |
| The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures. | TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test |
| The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles. | Contemporized-Themes |
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Winter4u
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