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Psyc-Study Guide 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. | Physical |
| ________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. | Cognitive |
| Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. | surveys |
| What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? | genes and biology |
| What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? | environment and culture |
| Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________. | milestones |
| When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we’d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. | discontinuous |
| Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development? | Sigmund Freud |
| According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. | Erik Erikson |
| ________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information. | Schemata |
| One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, “Look mommy, truck!” This exemplifies ________. | assimilation |
| After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? | integrity vs. despair |
| During Jean Piaget’s ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies. | sensorimotor |
| During Piaget’s proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly. | concrete operational |
| Adolescents (ages 12–18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development. | identity vs. confusion |
| Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? | object permanence |
| Which of the following illustrates conservation? | Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. |
| Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother’s birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? | egocentrism |
| Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he’d get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? | pre-conventional |
| Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage? | object permanence |
| According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? | formal operational |
| Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one’s culture as well as their interactions with their own environment? | Vygotsky |
| The notion that the manner in which one’s brain develops can have a significant impact on a person’s cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology. | neuroconstructivist |
| A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. | zygote |
| Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills. | fine |
| Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. | gross |
| Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? | secure |
| Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? | disorganized |
| Carissa’s parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? | permissive |
| Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? | authoritative |
| Early maturing girls are ________. | at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders |
| Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood? | younger average age for marriage |
| During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex. | frontal |
| The goal of hospice care is to provide | death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting. |
| What is an advanced directive? | A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants. |
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Winter4u
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