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Big Idea 17
Interdependence
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Producer (Autotroph) | Organisms that make their own food (glucose) using sunlight through photosynthesis (e.g., plants, algae) |
| Consumer (Heterotroph) | Organisms that must eat other living things to get energy |
| Decomposer | Organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil |
| Food Chain | A single, linear path showing how energy moves from one organism to the next |
| Food Web | A complex network of overlapping food chains; it more accurately shows how energy moves through an ecosystem |
| Energy Pyramid | A diagram showing the amount of energy available at each feeding level. Remember: only 10% of energy is passed up to the next level |
| Trophic Level | Each step or "link" in a food chain or energy pyramid |
| 10% Rule | Only about 10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next; the rest is lost as heat |
| Symbiosis | Symbiosis: A close, long-term relationship between two different species |
| Mutualism | Both species benefit (+/+). Example: bees and flowers. |
| Commensalism | One benefits, the other is unaffected (+/0). Example: owl and tree. |
| Parasitism | One benefits (parasite), the other is harmed (host) (+/-). Example: dog and tick. |
| Predation | An interaction where one organism (predator) hunts and eats another (prey) |
| Competition | When two or more organisms struggle for the same limited resource (food, water, territory) |
| Niche | The unique role or job an organism has in its environment (what it eats, where it lives, when it’s active) |
| Habitat | The specific place where an organism lives that provides its needs |
| Ecosystem | All the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things in an area interacting together |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area |
| Biotic Factor | A living or once-living part of an ecosystem (e.g., plants, animals, bacteria) |
| Abiotic Factor | A non-living part of an ecosystem (e.g., sunlight, temperature, soil, water) |
| Limiting Factor | A resource (like food, water, or space) that limits how large a population can grow |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of individuals an environment can support over a long period |
| Conservation | The practice of protecting and preserving natural resources and habitats |
| Invasive Species | A non-native species that enters a new area and causes harm to the existing food web (e.g., Burmese pythons in the Everglades) |
| Pollution | The introduction of harmful materials (chemicals, trash, noise) into the environment |
| Deforestation | The clearing or cutting down of forests, which leads to habitat loss and increased CO2 |
| Urbanization | The process of turning natural land into cities and towns (leads to habitat fragmentation) |
| Erosion | The wearing away of topsoil by water or wind, often made worse by removing plants |
| Community | All the different populations (living things) in an area |
Created by:
Ms. Wilhjelm
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