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Big Idea 14
Organization and Development of Living Organisms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic structural and functional unit of all living things |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific job |
| Organ | A collection of different tissues that function together (e.g., heart, lungs) |
| Organ System | A group of organs working together to perform complex body functions |
| Organism | A single, complete living thing |
| Cell Theory | The scientific theory stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Prokaryote | A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus (e.g., bacteria) |
| Eukaryote | A complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Plant Cell | A eukaryotic cell characterized by a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole |
| Animal Cell | A eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts, often having smaller, temporary vacuoles |
| Organelle | A specialized "mini-organ" within a cell that performs a specific function |
| Cell Membrane | The thin, flexible outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Nucleus | The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA) |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of protein fibers that helps the cell maintain its shape and move materials |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | A network of passageways that processes and transports proteins and lipids |
| Golgi Apparatus | The "packaging center" that modifies and ships proteins out of the cell |
| Mitochondria | The "powerhouse" of the cell; it converts nutrients into energy (ATP) |
| Ribosomes | Small structures responsible for making proteins |
| Vacuole | A storage sac for water, food, or waste |
| Cell Wall | A rigid outer layer (found in plants, fungi, and bacteria) that provides support |
| Chloroplasts | Organelles in plants that capture sunlight to make food (photosynthesis); contain chlorophyll |
| Homeostasis | The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment (like body temperature) |
| Circulatory System | Transports blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body |
| Respiratory System | Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Skeletal System | Provides the body's framework, protects organs, and allows for movement |
| Muscular System | Works with the skeletal system to move the body and circulate blood |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb |
| Excretory System | Removes waste products from the body |
| Reproductive System | The system responsible for producing offspring |
| Endocrine System | A network of glands and organs that produce and release hormones |
| Fungi | Eukaryotic organisms (like mushrooms or mold) that get nutrients by absorbing organic matter |
| Parasite | An organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food at the host's expense |
| Bacteria | Microscopic, single-celled (unicellular) organisms that are prokaryotic and found almost everywhere |
| Virus | A non-living infectious agent that requires a host cell to reproduce |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element; the very bottom of the biological hierarchy |
| Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together (e.g., DNA or water) |
| Biosphere | The global sum of all ecosystems; the highest level of organization. |
| Nervous System | The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body |
| Immune System | The body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders |
| Spontaneous Generation | A disproven historical theory that living things could arise from non-living matter. Knowing this helps explain why Cell Theory (cells come from pre-existing cells) was such a big deal. |
| Infectious Agent | A specialized term for any organism or virus that causes disease (includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) |
| Reproduction | How cells create new cells to grow or repair tissue |
Created by:
Ms. Wilhjelm
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