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Unit 4: NS/Evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The process by which populations change over time. |
| Geologic Time | The extensive timeline of Earth’s history used to track the appearance and extinction of species. |
| Fossil Record | The total collection of fossils that provides a chronological history of life on Earth. |
| Homologous Structures | Body parts in different species that have a similar structure but different functions. |
| Vestigial Structures | Remnants of organs or structures that no longer serve a purpose for the modern organism. |
| Organism Similarities | Shared physical or genetic traits between different species that suggest a common ancestor. |
| Comparative Anatomy | The study of similarities and differences in the body structures of different species. |
| DNA comparison | Analyzing genetic sequences to determine how closely related different species are. |
| Comparative Embryology | The study of early stages of development to find evidence of shared ancestry. |
| Cladograms | Branching diagrams used to show the evolutionary relationships between different species. |
| Natural Selection | The process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. |
| Overproduction | When a species produces more offspring than the environment can support. |
| Variation | The differences in traits among individuals of the same species. |
| Mutation | A random change in the DNA sequence that can result in new traits. |
| Competition | The struggle between organisms for limited resources like food; water; or space. |
| Adaptation | A specific trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| Traits | Distinguishing characteristics or qualities of an organism. |
| Adaptive Value | A measure of how much a specific trait helps an organism survive in its particular environment. |
| Survival of the Fittest | The idea that individuals best adapted to their environment are the most likely to pass on their genes. |
| Species | A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. |
| Antibiotic resistance | The evolution of bacteria that can no longer be killed by specific medications. |
| Frequency | How often a specific trait or gene appears within a population. |
| Selecting Factors | Environmental pressures that determine which traits are favorable for survival. |
| Geographic Barriers | Physical features like mountains or oceans that isolate a population. |
| Abiotic and Biotic factors | The non-living (abiotic) and living (biotic) parts of an ecosystem. |
| Environmental influence | How the surroundings affect which traits are successful and where species are distributed. |
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