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PSYCH 100 Exam 4
Book Material
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| actor-observer bias | phenomenon of explaining other people's behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces |
| Asch effect | group majority influences as individual's judgement, even when that judgement is inaccurate |
| central route persuasion | logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness |
| collectivist culture | culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community |
| confederate | person who works for a researcher and is aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations as part of the research design |
| dispositionism | describes a perspective common to personality psychologists, which asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament |
| homophily | tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar |
| in-group bias | preference for our own group over other groups |
| individualistic culture | culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy |
| peripheral route persuasion | one person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (like positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message |
| situationism | describes a perspective that behavior and actions are determines by the immediate environment and surroundings; a view promoted by social psychologists |
| social exchange theory | humans act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintain a relationship, with the goal to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| agoraphobia | anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a pain attack |
| body dysmorphic disorder | involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance |
| comorbidity | co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual |
| dopamine hypothesis | theory of schizophrenia that proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia |
| etiology | cause or causes of a psychological disorder |
| harmful dysfunction | model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function |
| hoarding disorder | characterized by persistent difficult in parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value or usefulness |
| hopelessness theory | cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression |
| neurodevelopmental disorder | one of the disorders that are first diagnosed in childhood and involve developmental problems in academic, intellectual, social functioning |
| rumination | in depression, tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences |
| asylum | institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders |
| cultural competence | therapist's understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment |
| intake | therapist's first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs |
| nondirective therapy | therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings |
| play therapy | therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems |
| strategic family therapy | therapist guides the therapy sessions and develops treatment plans for each family member for specific problems that can be addressed in a short amount of time |
| structural family therapy | therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family |
| voluntary treatment | therapy that a person chooses the attend in order to obtain relief from her symptoms |
Created by:
Butterduc
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