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PSYCH100 Exam 2
Book material
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Collective unconscious | theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung |
| Melatonin | hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle |
| Parasomnia | one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep |
| Restless leg syndrome | sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs |
| Rotating shift work | work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis |
| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep |
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | area of the hypothalamus in which the body's biological clock is located |
| Binaural cue | two-eared cue to localize sound |
| Gestalt psychology | field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts |
| Interaural level difference | sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest eat because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head |
| Interaural timing difference | small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear |
| Meissner's corpuscle | touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations |
| Merkel's disk | touch receptor that responds to light touch |
| Ménière's disease | results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear |
| Neuropathic pain | pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system |
| Nociception | sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain |
| Pacinian corpuscle | touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations |
| Ruffini corpuscle | touch receptor that detects stretch |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain |
| Associative learning | form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning) |
| Cognitive map | mental picture of the layout of the environment |
| Higher-order conditioning | using a conditioned stimulus to condition a neutral stimulus (AKA second-order conditioning) |
| Latent learning | learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it |
| Law of effect | behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged |
| Radical behaviorism | staunch form of h=behaviorism developed by B. F. Skinner that suggested that even complex higher mental functions like human language are nothing more than stimulus-outcome associations |
| Secondary reinforcer | has no inherent value unto itself and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with something else (e.g. money, poker chips) |
| Vicarious punishment | process where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer less likely to imitate the model's behavior |
| Vicarious reinforcement | process where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior |
| Analytical intelligence | aligned with academic problem solving and computations |
| Anchoring bias | faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution |
| Cognitive script | set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema |
| Creative intelligence | ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem |
| Crystallized intelligence | characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it |
| Cultural intelligence | ability with which people can understand and relate to those in another culture |
| Divergent thinking | ability to think "outside of the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem |
| Emotional intelligence | Ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others |
| Fluid intelligence | ability to see complex relationships and solve problems |
| Flynn effect | observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation |
| Hindsight bias | belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn't |
| Practical intelligence | aka "street smarts" |
| Standardization | method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent |
| Triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical |
Created by:
Butterduc
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