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PEBC Study #6
6. Vitamins & Supplements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the Fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| List the water-soluble vitamins | B, C |
| What does fat-soluble mean? | vitamins stored in fat, can build up leading to toxicity, usually taken with food |
| What does water-soluble mean? | vitamins not stored much in the body, requires regular intake, excess usually excreted in urine |
| What is vitamin A used for? (Name 4) | Vision skin immune system vitamin A deficiency |
| What is the name for Vitamin A | Retinol |
| Vitamin A is ________ in high doses | toxic |
| Name for vitamin D | Cholecalciferol |
| What is vitamin D used for? (Name 4) | Calcium absorption bone health vitamin D deficiency (common) osteoporosis prevention |
| What is vitamin E used for? (Name 2) | antioxidant (protects cells) vitamin E deficiency (rare) |
| What is vitamin K used for? | Blood clotting deficiency (rare) |
| Vitamin K has an important reaction with what anticoagulant drug? | warfarin |
| Name for vitamin C | Ascorbic acid |
| What is vitamin C used for? (Name 4) | immune support Collagen production (skin, healing) deficiency (scurvy, rare) popular use for colds |
| Name for vitamin B1 | Thiamine |
| vitamin B1 uses (Name 4) | nerve function energy metabolism alcohol use disorder malnutrition |
| Name for vitamin B2 | Riboflavin |
| vitamin B2 uses (Name 2) | energy production migraines (sometimes prevention) |
| Name for vitamin B3 | Niacin |
| vitamin B3 uses (Name 2) | cholesterol metabolism Dyslipidemia (less common) |
| Most prominent vitamin B3 side effect | flushing |
| Name for vitamin B5 | Pantothenic Acid |
| vitamin B5 uses (Name 1) | energy metabolism (rarely needed) |
| Name for vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine |
| vitamin B6 uses (name 4) | brain function neurotransmitters nausea in pregnancy preventing deficiency |
| name for vitamin B7 | Biotin |
| vitamin B7 uses (Name 4) | Hair, skin, nail health cosmetic use (very popular) |
| Vitamin B7 can interfere with what? | Lab tests |
| name for vitamin B9 | Folic Acid/Folate |
| vitamin B9 uses (Name 4) | DNA synthesis Red blood cells pregnancy (very important) Anemia |
| name for Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin |
| vitamin B12 uses (Name 4) | Nerve function Red blood cells Deficiency (common in elderly and vegans) Pernicious anemia |
| What are multivitamins typically used for? | general prevention |
| What do prenatal vitamins typically contain? | Folic acid, iron, calcium, vitamin D and sometimes other vitamins |
| What is a combination supplement of calcium and vitamin D typically for? | Bone health |
| What is vitamin B-complex typically for? | Energy, stress support |
| ___________ typically improves iron absorption when taken together | Vitamin C |
| What is Omega 3 typically taken for? (Name 2) | Heart health (triglycerides) and pregnancy |
| Omega-3 can increase risk of ___________ | bleeding (important to screen for anticoagulants) |
| Take Omega-3 _____________ to avoid fishy aftertaste | with food |
| Calcium is used for what? | bone health & osteoporosis |
| Calcium doses should be separated from what 3 important medications? | Iron, levothyroxine, and ciprofloxacin |
| What is the max absorption limit per dose of calcium? | 500-600 mg per dose |
| What is iron taken for? | iron-deficiency anemia & pregnancy |
| Iron is best absorbed how? | on an empty stomach |
| Iron can cause what two main side effects? | constipation and dark stools |
| Magnesium uses (Name 4) | constipation migrains muscle cramps deficiency |
| which type of magnesium has the poorest absorption and should not be used for deficiencies? | oxide |
| Which type of magnesium has the best absorption and what is it for? | glycinate; for deficiency and anxiety |
| Which two types of magnesium are indicated for constipation but have a high risk of diarrhea? | citrate and oxide |
| What are probiotics used for? | gut health and preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea |
| uses for melatonin | sleep disorders and jet leg |
| melatonin should be used for how long? | short-term use is preferred |
| What is glucosamine for? | osteoarthritis |
| What is fiber (Psyllium etc.) used for? | constipation, lowering cholesterol |
| fiber should be taken with ______________ | lots of water |
| St. John's Wort is used for? | mild depression |
| Why does St. John's Wort interact with so many drugs? | it decreases the levels of many drugs leading to treatment failure and has serotonin effects, risking serotonin syndrome if taken with antidepressants |
| St. John's Wort interacts with which 4 main categories of drugs? | Antidepressants (serotonergic) Hormonal contraceptives Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets Immunosuppressants (organ rejection) |
| What is Ginko Biloba used for? | memory |
| What is the risk of using Ginko Biloba? | Bleeding (screen for anticoagulants) |
| What is Ginseng used for? | Energy |
| Ginseng can affect what two measurable body parameters? | Can increase or decrease both: Blood pressure Blood glucose |
| probiotics should be separated from _______________ | antibiotics |
| What are the high risk groups for vitamin D deficiency? | elderly low sun exposure dark skin |
| What are two other sources of vitamin D besides the vitamins? | Sunlight, fortified milk |
| Vitamin A should be especially avoided in high doses when? | during pregnancy |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to what? | neurological symptoms |
| For vitamin B12 to be absorbed, you require ________________ made by stomach cells | intrinsic factor |
| Vitamin B6 is sometimes used with ___________ to prevent deficiency | isoniazid |
| Iron should be avoided with ________________ due to reduced absorption? | calcium / antacids |
| What is the key difference between calcium carbonate and calcium citrate | Carbonate --> requires food Citrate --> doesnt require food |
| Magnesium should be separated from what? | antibiotics |
| What is hypertriglyceridemia and which supplement is used for it? | hypertriglyceridemia is high levels of triglycerides in the blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat used for energy. hypertriglyceridemia is linked to heart disease. Omega-3 is the supplement taken for it. |
| What is zinc used for? (name 2) | cold duration wound healing |
| What is Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) used for? | heart health |
| What is Echinacea used for? | Colds (immune system) |
| What is the strength of the evidence of Echinacea? | mixed credibility |
| What is Cranberry used for? | UTI prevention (NOT TREATMENT) |
| Calcium, Iron, and Magnesium should not be taken together due to _____________________ | decreased absorption of meds |
| Canadians have a particularly higher risk of which vitamin deficiency? | Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) |
Created by:
ella.brennan
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