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PSYC 203

Test 3 Review

QuestionAnswer
Scientific Method: Step 1 ask a question
Independent Variable (IV) what the researcher changes
Dependent Variable (DV) what is observed/measured
Conceptual Definition abstract idea (ex: stress)
Operational Definition how it is measured (ex: heart rate)
Ordinal ranked (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
Interval equal spacing, no true zero (ex: temperature)
Ratio equal spacing + true zero (ex: weight, height)
Frequency Claim describes ONE variable
Asociation Claim relates TWO variables
Causal Claim one variable causes another
Construct Validity are variables measured well
Internal Validity cause/effect
External Validity can we generalize
Statistical Validity are results accurate
Descriptive Research describes behavior
Correlational Research shows relationships
Experimental Research shows cause and effect
Descriptive Methods observes and records behavior without manipulation
Bias people may lie or answer in socially acceptable ways
Reliability consistency of results
Validity accuracy of what's measured
Observer Bias researcher expectations affect results
Observer Effect people change behavior when watched
Descriptive Statistics summarize and organize data
Mean average
Median middle value
Mode most common
Range highest to lowest
Standard Deviation (SD) average distance from mean
High SD spread out data (less consistent)
Low SD data is close (more consistent)
Bivariate Correlation relationship between TWO variables
Positive Correlation both variabels increase together
Negative Correlation one variable increases and other decreases
Statistical Significance result is unlikely die to chance
Scientific Method: Step 2 form a hypothesis
Scientific Method: Step 3 design a study
Scientific Method: Step 4 collect data
Scientific Method Step 5 analyze results and report findings/replicate
Created by: user-1992551
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