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Genetics

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TermDefinition
Heredity The biological process of passing traits from parents to their offspring
Sex chromosomes The pair of chromosomes (X and Y in humans) that determine an individual's biological sex
Trait A specific characteristic of an organism, such as eye color or height, that can be determined by genes, the environment, or both
Sex-linked gene A gene located on either the X or Y chromosome
Genetics The scientific study of heredity and how traits are passed from one generation to the next
Carrier An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not express the trait physically
Fertilization The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell to form a new organism
Genetic disorder An abnormal condition that an individual inherits through genes or chromosomes
Purebred An organism that is the offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait; it possesses two identical alleles for that trait (homozygous)
Pedigree A chart or "family tree" used by geneticists to track which members of a family have a particular trait
Gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains the instructions for a specific trait
Karyotype A visual image or picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs
Allele The different forms or versions of a gene
Selective breeding The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation
Dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Inbreeding A selective breeding method in which two individuals with similar characteristics are crossed
Created by: user-2020369
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