Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PEBC Study #4
4. Antibiotics & First-Line Treatments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug class of Penicillin V | Penicillins |
| Drug class of Amoxicillin | Penicillins |
| Drug class of Ampicillin | Penicillins |
| Drug class of Cloxacillin | Penicillins |
| Drug class of Amoxi-Clav | Penicillins / beta-lactamase inhibitors |
| Drug class of Cephalexin | Cephalosporins (1st gen) |
| Drug class of Cefazolin | Cephalosporins (1st gen) |
| Drug class of Cefadroxil | Cephalosporins (1st gen) |
| Drug class of Cefuroxime | Cephalosporins (2nd gen) |
| Drug class of Cefprozil | Cephalosporins (2nd gen) |
| Drug class of Ceftriaxone | Cephalosporins (3rd gen) |
| Drug class of Cefixime | Cephalosporins (3rd gen) |
| Drug class of Azithromycin | Macrolides |
| Drug class of Erythromycin | Macrolides |
| Drug class of Clarithromycin | Macrolides |
| Drug class of tetracycline | Tetracyclines |
| Drug class of doxycycline | Tetracyclines |
| Drug class of minocycline | Tetracyclines |
| Drug class of ciprofloxacin | Fluoroquinolones |
| Drug class of levofloxacin | Fluoroquinolones |
| Drug class of moxifloxacin | Fluoroquinolones |
| Drug class of norfloxacin | Fluoroquinolones |
| Drug class of sulfatrim | Sulfonamides |
| Drug class of gentamycin | Aminoglycosides |
| Drug class of tobramycin | Aminoglycosides |
| Drug class of streptomycin | Aminoglycosides |
| Drug class of meropenem | Carbapenems |
| Drug class of vancomycin | Glycopeptides |
| Drug class of metronidazole | Nitroimidazoles |
| Drug class of clindamycin | Lincosamides |
| Drug class of Nitrofurantoin | Nitrofurans |
| A mostly universal auxiliary label for all antibiotics is what? | "Finish all medication unless otherwise directed" |
| Most notable side effect of penicillin | Rash |
| Most notable side effect of cephalosporins | Rash |
| If a patient is allergic to penicillin, which is the most common alternative class? | Macrolides |
| Of all macrolides, which is used most commonly due to less drug interactions? | Azithromycin |
| Most notable side effect of Macrolides | QT prolongation |
| Which 3 auxiliary labels should be used for tetracyclines? | avoid sunlight exposure avoid dairy, iron, or antacids take with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 minutes |
| What are 2 situations where tetracyclines should be absolutely avoided? | Pregnancy and children under 8 |
| Most notable 2 side effects of tetracyclines | Photosensitivity, tooth discoloration (kids) |
| Which two auxiliary labels should be used for fluoroquinolones? | avoid dairy, iron, or antacids avoid sunlight exposure |
| Most notable 3 side effects of fluoroquinolones | QT prolongation, Photosensitivity, Tendon rupture |
| Which auxiliary label should be used for sulfonamides? | drink with plenty of water avoid sunlight exposure |
| What are 2 situations where sulfonamides should be absolutely avoided? | late pregnancy and infants |
| Most notable 3 side effects of sulfonamides | Rash, Photosensitivity, Hyperkalemia |
| Why are Aminoglycosides usually given by IV? | because they are poorly absorbed orally |
| When taking Aminoglycosides, _________ levels are often monitored to prevent toxicity | blood |
| Aminoglycosides have a ________ therapeutic index | narrow |
| Most notable 2 side effects of Aminoglycosides | Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity |
| True or false: carbapenems are reserved for severe or multidrug-resistant infections | True |
| How are carbapenems typically given? a) IM b) PO c) IV d) INH | c) IV |
| Most notable side effect of carbapenems | Seizures (rare) |
| Vancomycin is usually infused ________ to avoid Red Man Syndrome | slowly (over at least 60 minutes) |
| Most notable 4 side effects of Glycopeptides? | Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome, thrombophlebitis |
| Which two auxiliary labels are used on nitroimidazoles? | Avoid alcohol, Take with food |
| Most notable 3 side effects of Nitroimidazoles? | Metallic taste, Dark urine, Rare neurological effects |
| True or false: Lincosamides are often used for penicillin-resistant bacteria or patients allergic to penicillin | True |
| What is the auxiliary label that is used for lincosamides? | take with a full glass of water |
| Most notable side effect of Lincosamides? | C. difficile infection (high risk) |
| What auxiliary label should be used for Nitrofurans? | “Take with food” “May cause urine discolouration” |
| What are 2 situations where nitrofurans should be absolutely avoided? | renal impairment, late pregnancy |
| Metronidazole is effective on anaerobic or aerobic bacteria? | anaerobic |
| Nitrofuran use is mainly concentrated in the ________ | urine |
| Most notable 2 side effects of Nitrofurans? | Liver toxicity (rare), darker urine |
| Most notable 4 indications for penicillins | strep throat otitis media dental infections pneumonia |
| 1st generation cephalosporins primary indication | skin infections |
| Cefazolin primarily treats what? | surgical prophylaxis |
| Second generation cephalosporins have 2 notable indications, name them | ear infections, respiratory infections |
| Most notable indication of ceftriaxone | Meningitis |
| Most notable indication of cefixime | Gonorrhea |
| Macrolides have 3 notable indications. Name them | Atypical pneumonia, chlamydia, strep throat (especially if allergic to penicillins) |
| 3 most notable indications of tetracyclines | Lyme disease, acne, chlamydia |
| 2 most notable indications for fluoroquinolones | complicated UTIs (male), traveler's diarrhea |
| 2 most notable indications for sulfonamides | UTIs, MRSA skin infections (important) |
| 2 most notable indications for animoglycosides | severe gram-negative infections, complicated UTIs |
| What are carbapenems used to treat | severe/resistant infections (hospital last resort) |
| 2 most notable indications for vancomycin | MRSA infections, C. difficile colitis |
| What form of vancomycin is used to treat C. difficile infection? | Oral forms ONLY |
| 3 most notable indications for metronidazole | intra-abdominal infections, protozoal infections, bacterial vaginosis |
| 2 most notable indications for clindamycin | skin infections, acne (topical forms) |
| 2 most notable indications for nitrofurantoin | uncomplicated UTIs, prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs |
| What are the first line treatment options for strep throat? (2) | penicillin OR amoxicillin |
| What are the first line treatment options for community acquired pneumonia? (3) | amoxicillin, then azithromycin OR doxycycline |
| What is the first line treatment for otitis media? | amoxicillin |
| What are the first line treatment options for sinusitis? (2) | amoxicillin OR amoxi-clav |
| What are the first line treatment options for uncomplicated UTIs? (3) | nitrofurantoin, sulfatrim, fosfomycin |
| What are the first line treatment options for complicated UTIs? (2) | Ciprofloxacin OR levofloxacin |
| What are the first line treatment options for traveler's diarrhea? (2) | ciprofloxacin, azithromycin (increasingly used recently) |
| What is the first line treatment for C. difficile colitis? | Oral vancomycin |
| What are the first line treatment options for chlamydia? (2) | azithromycin (single dose) OR doxycycline |
| What are the first line treatment options for gonorrhea? | Ceftriaxone, Cefixime |
| What is added to the first line treatment of gonorrhea if coinfection of chlamydia is not ruled out? (2 options) | Doxycycline OR azithromycin |
| What is the first line treatment for non-MRSA skin infections? | cephalexin |
| What are the first line treatment options for MRSA skin infections? (3) | sulfatrim, doxycycline, clindamycin |
| What are the first line treatment options for dental infections? (2) | amoxicillin, metronidazole (anaerobes) |
| Majority of antibiotic suspensions are stored how? (post-reconstitution) | refrigerate, BUD = 10–14 days |
| How is azithromycin suspension stored post-reconstitution? | room temp, BUD = 10 days |
| How is clarithromycin suspension stored post-reconstitution? | room temp, BUD = 14 days |
| How is Amoxi-clav suspension stored post-reconstitution? | refrigerate, BUD = 10 days (certain strengths can vary, but this is the safest exam answer) |
| Which 2 antibiotic classes should be avoided in pregnancy completely? | tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones |
| Which 2 antibiotic classes should be avoided in LATE pregnancy? | sulfonamides, nitrofurans |
Created by:
ella.brennan
Popular Pharmacology sets