Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
RAD 102 Final Study
Final Study Review
| What is a congenital disease? | disease present at birth resulting from genetic or environmental factors |
| What is a hereditary disease? | caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted, derived from ancestors. |
| What is an inflammatory disease? | results from body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent – infective, toxic and allergic diseases |
| What is a degenerative disease? | caused by deterioration of the body, associated with the aging process |
| What is a metabolic disease? | caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function within the body |
| What is a traumatic disease? | result from outside forces |
| What is a neoplastic disease? | results in new, abnormal tissue growth, related to tumors and cancer |
| What are the levels of structures of the body from smallest to largest? | Chemical – Atom – Molecule – Cells – Tissues – Organs – Systems - Organism |
| What is the most common lethal nosocomial infection? | Nosocomial pneumonia |
| What structures are protected within the bony thorax? | Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, and 12 thoracic vertebrae protect vital organs including the heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels such. Lower rib cage protects the upper abdominal organs such as the liver and spleen. |
| This condition should be regarded as a sign of an important underlying condition, not as a disease entity | Pleural Effusion |
| This procedure helps alleviate and drain fluid within the pleural cavity | Thoracentesis |
| What are palpable landmarks used for chest and abdominal positioning and their locations? | Vertebra prominens (T7), jugular notch, and inferior angle of scapula for chest positioning. Greater trochanter, Iliac Crest, ASIS for abdominal positioning |
| What are the 4 major quadrants of the abdomen? | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ |
| What are the routine projections for the chest? | PA and Lateral |
| List the routine projections for ribs (upper and lower) | AP Bilateral Above and Below Diaphragm, Obliques (RPO and LPO or RAO or LAO) upper and lower ribs, or Unilateral Ribs upper and lower |
| List routine projections for the sternum | RAO and Lateral |
| List routine projections for the abdomen | AP Erect and AP Supine (KUB) |
| List routine projections for the SC joints | PA, RAO and LAO |
| List routine projections for the fingers and hand | Fingers 2-4: PA, Oblique, and Lateral. Thumb: AP, Oblique, and Lateral. Hand: PA, Oblique, and Lateral |
| List routine projections for the forearm and elbow | Forearm: AP and Lateral. Elbow: AP, Oblique (usually external), and Lateral |
| List routine projections for the humerus + trauma | AP and Lateral for routine projections and Transthoracic Lateral and Mid-to-Distal Humerus Lateral Cross Table for trauma projections |
| List ONE non-routine view from EACH the chest, abdomen and upper extremities | Chest: Lordotic, Abdomen: Lateral Decubitus, Elbow: Axial Lateromedial and Mediolateral (Coyle Method) |
| What are the routine projections for the shoulder? | AP (Internal, External, and/or Neutral) and Scapular Y Lateral |
| What are the routine projections of the AC joints? | AP (Bilateral) with and without weights |
| What are the routine projections of the clavicle? | AP and AP Axial |
| What are the routine projections of the scapula? | AP and Lateral |
| What is one pathology of the chest? | Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infection caused by inhaling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria). It causes lesions that infiltrate lymph nodes and causes necrosis and scarring. It appears as infiltrates, primarily seen in the upper lobes of the lungs. |
| What is one pathology of the abdomen? | Hypertrophic Pyloric Sphincter is the pyloric canal of the stomach is narrowed greatly due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the sphincter. It looks like “caterpillar like movements” on the images. |
| What is one pathology of the hand? | Bennett Fracture is a fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone |
| What are 3 different pathologies of the shoulder girdle? | AC Joint Separation, Acromioclavicular Dislocation, and Hill-Sachs Defect |
| What is a Level I hospital? | primary hospitals that can provide total care of all injuries and offers prompt availability of care in several specialties |
| What is a Level II hospital? | the most common an can handle majority of trauma cases and readily transport patients to Level I if needed |
| What is a Level III hospital? | in remote rural areas, allow 20-30 minute call-in time frame for needed staff, offers stabilization of patients if severe enough, and can transport to higher levels of care. |
| Define Superior | up above towards the head |
| Define Inferior | down below towards the feet |
| Define Flexion | bending that decreases the joint angle between two bones |
| Define Extension | bending that increases the joint angle between two bones |
| Define Posterior | back, dorsal side of body |
| Define Anterior | front, ventral side of body |
| Define Proximal | closer to the center of the body |
| Define Distal | further from the center of the body |
| Define Adduction | movement of limb towards the midline of the body |
| Define Abduction | movement of limb away from the midline of the body |
| What is one non-routine view of the foot? | Tangential (Sesamoids) |
| What is one non-routine view of the ankle? | AP Stress |
| What is one non-routine view of the knee? | Sunrise View |
| What is one pathology of the foot? | Gout is a form of arthritis where uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood. Most common site is the 1st MTP joint. |
| What is one pathology of the lower leg? | Rickets (Osteomalacia) is “bone softening,” deficiency of phosphorus, calcium, or vitamin D and causes the lack of bone mineralization. It can also cause a bowing effect in weight-bearing long bones and is most common in toddlers. |
| What is one pathology of the knee? | Chondromalacia patellae is “runner’s knee,” softening of the cartilage under the patella, causing erosion of cartilage |
| What is one pathology of the ankle? | Joint Effusion is accumulated fluid in the joint cavity and a sign of an underlying condition. |
| List two organs/structures in the skeletal system | skull and cartilage |
| List two organs/structures in the circulatory system | heart and blood vessels |
| List two organs/structures in the digestive system | stomach and small intestine |
| List two organs/structures in the respiratory system | lungs and trachea |
| List two organs/structures in the urinary system | kidneys and urinary bladder |
| List two organs/structures in the reproductive system | ovaries and testes |
| List two organs/structures in the nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| List two organs/structures in the muscular system | biceps brachii and myocardium |
| List two organs/structures in the endocrine system | pituitary gland and pancreas |
| List two organs/structures in the integumentary system | skin and sebaceous glands |
| A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the anatomical part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor | parallel |
| List the carpal bones | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate |
| List the tarsal bones | Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, and Medial, Intermediate and Lateral Cuneiforms |
| What is a comminuted fracture? | the bone breaks into three or more fragments, splintering or shattering as opposed to a clean snap |
| What is a complete non-comminuted fracture? | break that goes through the entire bone, separating it into two pieces without shattering into multiple fragments |
| What is an avulsion fracture? | a tendon or ligament pulls away from a small piece of bone from a main bone and is caused by forceful sudden trauma or muscle contractions |
| What is an incomplete fracture? | the bone bends or cracks but does not break completely into separate pieces |
| What is a growth plate fracture? | a break in the cartilage layer near the end of a child or teen’s long bones |
Created by:
naomi_taylorrr
Popular Radiology sets