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Motivation/Emotion

Motivation/Emotion Vocab Unit 4

TermDefinition
Primary Drives* An innate drive motivating a behavior created by the deprivation of a needed substance.
Secondary Drives* A drive motivating a behavior that is learned or conditioned.
Instincts* Innate fixed patterns of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli.
Instinct Theory* The theory that genetics influence complex behaviors through instincts.
Set Point Theory* The theory that the human body has a constant point of weight at which they want to stay at.
Drive-Reduction Theory* The theory in which the goal of a motivated behavior is a reduction of a drive state, assuming all motivated behavior arises from a disruption in homeostasis.
Drive Theory* The theory describing psychological drives, based off the principle that we have needs we are born with that create a state of tension when not satisfied.
Derived Drives Drives that are learned motivations associated with biological needs.
Instinctive Drives* Drives that are unlearned behaviors across a species triggered by external stimuli.
Aversive Motivation The drive to act in order to escape an unpleasant outcome.
Achievement Motivation* The drive to be successful.
Arousal Theory* The theory that addresses how people seek an optimal level of arousal when they behave.
Incentive Theory* The theory that motivation arousal depends on negative and positive external incentives.
Optimal Arousal Theory* The theory that we perform best with a level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low.
Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation* The theory that a stimulus/event arouses a positive or negative state and its opposite which reduces the former's intensity to neutral eventually.
Intrinsic Motivation* The internal incentive to engage in an activity
Lateral Hypothalamus (related to eating)* The region of the hypothalamus that is involved in the regulations of eating.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (related to eating)* The region of the hypothalamus associated with feeling satiated.
Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham Maslow) Defention of Theory* The theory that human motivations are categorized in a five category pyramid described by Abraham Maslow.
Hierarchy of Needs Levels* (Bottom) Physiological, Safety, Love and Belongingness, Esteem, and Self-Actualization (Top).
Homeostasis* The regulation of one's body and mental states to be in a comfortable balance.
Self-Actualization* The complete realization of all of which one is capable involving the max development of abilities and appreciation for life.
Ethologist One who studies the behavior of nonhuman animals in their natural enviornments and experiments.
Self-Determinism Theory* The theory that regulation of behavior varies across external and internal motivations.
Approach-Approach conflict* A situation involving a choice between two equally desirable options.
Approach-Avoidance conflict* A situation involving a negative and positive side.
Double Approach Avoidance conflict* A situation arising when one has two options with both negative and positive sides to each.
Avoidance avoidance conflict* A situation involving a choice between two unpleasant options.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)* The consequence of severe stress during which one is in a stage of shock, then counter-shock, then resistance, and finally exhaustion.
Internal locus of control* The belief that you control what happens in your life.
External locus of control* The belief that the outcomes of your life are determined by outside forces.
Dopamine (in relation to motivation)* Dopamine is the feel-good chemical your brain creates when you experience a pleasurable thing, reinforcing the reward from a behavior.
Schachter-Singer/Two-Factor Theory The theory that emotion states are both physiological and conginitive interpretations of a physical state.
James-Lange Theory The theory that physiological responses precede emotions.
Cannon-Bard Theory The theory that emotion states result from the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cortex rather than sensory feedback from organs.
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory* The theory that cognitive evaluation is involved in the generation of every emotion.
Catharsis* The discharge of previously repressed effects from traumatic events that return back into consciousness when reexperienced.
Adaptation-Level Phenomenon The tendency to evaluate new experiences by a standard.
Relative Deprivation The perception of an individual that the amount of desired resources they have is less in comparison to to the amount possessed by others.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis* The hypothesis that sensory information from facial muscle movement determines feeling states.
Universality Hypothesis The hypothesis that some core emotions are innate and universally recognized.
Display Rules* Socially learned standards of expressing and interprating emotions across cultures.
Overjustification Effect* The effect in which rewarding a person for their performance can lead to lower interest in that activity.
Melatonin* A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates the circadian rhythm and other bodily functions.
Acetylcholine* A neurotransmitter playing an important role in memory formation, and influencing motivation/arousal.
Dopamine (D)* A neurotransmitter playing and important role in emotional states, driving motivation, and goal-directed behavior.
Leptin* A protein that communicates satiety to the brain.
Standard Deviation* The measure of the variability of scores within a group, indicating how broadly they deviate from the mean.
Self-serving bias* The tendency to interpret events in a away to credit oneself, but deny failures as own faults which are instead blamed on external factors.
Cognitive dissonance* The state resulting from actions and attitudes being in conflict.
Social norms* The socially determined standards indicating what behaviors are typical for a given context.
Social Learning* Learning facilitated through social interactions.
Self-fulfilling Prophecy* The belief/expectation that ones expectations will be true about an experience.
Projection* The defense mechanism in which unpleasant/unacceptable impulses/responsibilities of an individual are attributed to someone else.
Reaction Formation* The defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are replaced with their opposite (ex: hating someone and then acting like their best friend).
Meta-analysis* A quantitative technique for combing the results of multiple studies of a phenomenon into a single result.
Experiment* Research using random participants with manipulative variables for an objective.
Case Study* An in-depth investigation of a single person/family/event assembling multiple types of data to understand the background, relationships, and behavior.
Naturalistic Observation* Data collection in a field setting without manipulating variables by watching participants in their natural environment.
Cross-sectional study* The examination of data collected at a single point in time.
Refractory Period* The time period after nerve stimulation when a nerve or muscle doesn't respond to stimulation.
Social-cognitive theory* The theory including conceptions, judgements, motivations, and behavior and the environment's influences. It emphasizes interaction of behavior and environment. It can teach people positive behaviors in workplace scenarios.
Operational Definition* The description of something in terms of the procedures by which it could be meaured/observed.
Dependent Variable* The outcome observed to occur or change after variation of the independent variable in an experience.
Independent Variable* The variable in an experiment manipulated in order to assess its influence.
Control group/variable* A comparison group to the experimental group in a study whose members receive no intervention.
Altruism* Selfless behavior at the cost to the individual.
Adaptation* The process of adjusting feelings and behaviors to the demands of society.
Social Facilitation* The improvement of one's performance of a task they are already good at when others are present.
Humanistic Psychological Perspective* The perspective that focuses on the individual's potential for personal growth.
Bottom Up Processing* Information processing by which incoming stimuli is analyzed firs through the senses then the brain.
Thalamus* Function of sensory information transmitting to the cerebral cortex and regulation of emotions.
Cerebellum* Function of motor control and equilibrium and required for motor conditioning.
Hippocampus* Function of memory and learning into long-term storage.
Hypothalamus* Function of autonomic functions of the body and integration of responses to external stimuli (appetite, thirst).
Medulla* Function of autonomic functions for survival (HR, breathing).
Corpus Callosum* Function of communication between hemispheres, enabling sensory, motor and cognitive information.
Attribution Theory* The theory about the processes in which people attribute motives to others' behavior, internal or external.
Created by: IloveGarfield:3
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