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Mrn. Prim. Producers
Notes about marine primary producers including plants and seaweed.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are diatoms? | Unicellular microalgae with cell walls made of silica. |
| How many marine species of diatoms are there? | 6000 |
| What is the most productive phytoplankton? | Diatoms |
| What causes diatoms to create harmful algal blooms when they create toxins? | When there is a lot of light and nutrients. |
| What are dinoflagellates? | Planktonic, unicellular organisms, that are small enough to be considered microplankton. |
| What is the second most productive primary producer? | Dinoflagellates |
| Are dinoflagellates autotrophs or heterotrophs? | Most are autotrophs. |
| Are some dinoflagellates capable of? | Bioluminescence which can be seen on the surface of the ocean. |
| What are symbiodinium? | A type of dinoflagellates that are common in reef building corals that provide the corals with organic matter as they live in corals. |
| What is chlorophyll? | A photosynthetic pigment that captures light to perform photosynthesis and gives plants their green colour. |
| Some plants have other pigments that may cause what to their colour? | Mask their green colour. |
| What colours of light are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll? | Red and blue light are mostly absorbed, while green light is absorbed less and reflected. |
| What is brown algae? | Multicellular algae can be mostly be found in marine environments with colours varying from olive green to dark brown that are dominant primary producers in temperature and polar coasts. |
| What is the largest and most complex brown algae? | Kelps |
| What is red algae? | The type of algae with the most species that contain red pigments that mask chlorophyll where some species deposit calcium carbonate in their cell walls. |
| How does red algae depositing calcium carbonate in their cell walls benefit other species like coral? | It acts as the cement coral can use to build reefs. |
| What is green algae? | Algae where only 10 percent is considered marine and contains both chlorophyll A and B. They don't have roots but rather holdfasts that attach them to substrates. |
| What is chlorophyll A? | Pigment directly involved in photosynthesis. |
| What is chlorophyll B? | Pigment that assists in capturing light needed for photosynthesis. |
| Does most seaweed reproduce sexually or asexually? | Asexually |
| How does asexually reproducing seaweed reproduce? | By producing spores which are reproductive cells which can land to new and even unfavourable locations. |
| How does sexually producing seaweed reproduce? | By producing gametes and small, non-motile eggs or motile sperm that move with flagella. |
| Why does sexually reproducing red algae release slime? | Because their sperm are non-motile. |
| What family are salt-marsh plants a part of? | The grass family. |
| How are salt-marsh plants able to live underwater despite not being marine species? | They can tolerate salinity and can help protect against erosion. |
| What is salinity? | The percentage/concentration of salt in water. |
| What do salt-marsh plants do for other species? | They provide shelter for some marine and land species and act as a source of detritus for them. |
| What is an estuary? | An ecosystem where salt and fresh water comes together and acts as a home for salt-marsh plants. |
| What is a mangrove forest? | A swampy forest with large trees with many large and tangled roots. |
| Where can mangroves be found? | In tropical and subtropical shores. |
| Why are mangroves important to the marine ecosystems? | Their tangled roots create great habitats for small organisms, they contain organic matter that is consumed by animals as detritus, and provide defence against hurricanes, especially in areas like Florida where these biomes are common. |
Created by:
CommsMKSoz
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