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organelle functions
cell biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleus | houses genetic information of the cell (chromatin) and is enclosed by a nuclear envelope (double phospholipid bilayer) |
| nucleolus | region of the nucleus with high levels of activity such as synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosomal subunits |
| ribosomes | structures composed of rRNA and proteins that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (generally) | network of membranous tubules/sacs with variety of functions |
| rough ER | part of the ER that is studded with ribosomes; its functions include the synthesis of secreted proteins and endomembrane proteins, as well as protein modifications |
| what are endomembrane proteins? | the memory factory of the cell |
| smooth ER | part of the ER that lacks ribosomes; its functions include the synthesis of steroid hormones, carbohydrates, and lipids as well as detoxification and the storage unit for calcium |
| Golgi body (apparatus) | series of flattened sacs that serves as the shipping and receiving center of the cell; it also synthesizes some carbohydrates and modifies glycoproteins as well as phospholipids. |
| vesicles | membrane enclosed sacs that move substances throughout the cell |
| transport vesicles | move substances from the ER to the golgi body |
| secretory vesicles | moves substances from the golgi body to the plasma membrane for secretion |
| lysosomes | vesicles that contain digestive enzymes |
| peroxisomes | small membrane-bound organelles that function in the detoxification of substances |
| mitochondria | double membrane-bound organelles that generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration |
| outer mitochondrial membrane | contains porins and allows substances to pass with relative ease (permeable) |
| inner mitochondrial membrane | highly impermeable membrane that prevents substances from passing without the aid of a transporter |
| mitochondrial matrix | the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| chloroplasts | photosynthetic, double-membrane organelle that contains light-absorbing pigments (chlorophyll) clustered in the thylakoid membrane inside the stroma |
| stroma | space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts |
| vacuoles | storage compartments |
| role of the central vacuole in plants | stores water and provides hydraulic stiffness to the cell |
| cell wall | rigid coverings that protect and provide structural support to plant cells |
| endomembrane system | network of interconnected organelles that facilitate the transport of proteins and substances throughout the cell; they also maintain a separate environment from the rest of the cell |
| what organelles are a part of the endomembrane system? | nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and the plasma membrane |
Created by:
angievelasco
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