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Psyc-Study Guide 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding. | semantic |
| What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time? | memory |
| Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding. | acoustic |
| What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report? | explicit memories |
| The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. | retrieval |
| What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? | sensory |
| What is episodic memory? | information about events we have personally experienced |
| Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information? | 4 plus or minus 1 |
| In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. | rehearsal |
| Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? | They would also be activated, though at a lower level. |
| I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. Because I am actively and consciously remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________ memory. | explicit |
| Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don’t actively think about while you’re riding. You just sort of “do it” without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. | implicit |
| When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory. | recognition |
| How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? | Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. |
| What is the main idea of levels of processing theory? | If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful. |
| What is an engram? | a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory |
| If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? | amygdala |
| Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory. | arousal |
| What was the overall result of Lashley’s research that sought out the engram of human memory? | He found no evidence that an engram actual exists. |
| Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? | cerebellum |
| Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? | hippocampus |
| What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? | another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus |
| The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. | construction; reconstruction |
| Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time. | 30 |
| Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she can’t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. | retroactive |
| The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones. | anterograde |
| Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. | retrograde |
| Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. | thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory |
| Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic? | dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip |
| Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device? | using the acronym “HOMES” to remember the names of the five Great Lakes |
| Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? | stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study |
| From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important? | It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory. |
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Winter4u
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