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Life Span Midtern
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The mother is unpredictable, exaggerates, inspires fear, may also have a mental illness and/or be a drug addict. This causes the child to be passive, have low self-esteem, be sad, scared, angry, and may approach strangers seeking safety. | Disorganized Attachment |
| The process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses is referred to as ______________. | perception |
| At what age can newborns put together elements to recognize objects? | 4 months |
| Between the ages of 2 and 5, children develop a theory of mind; however, many children with autism spectrum disorder may be experiencing mind blindness. | True |
| After a one-year checkup, your physician comments, "There has been virtually no development of the cones in your child's visual system." What impact would this have? | Your child would have difficulty distinguishing colors. |
| The mother is inconsistent, indifferent, and sensitive towards her child partly because she feels she can't provide for the child's needs. The child often may feel insecure, stressed, angry, impulsive, and unsociable. | Ambivalent Attachment |
| At about the age of 4, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of task is often used to determine when children grasp this concept? | False-belief tasks |
| Which of the following is an unlearned response triggered by a specific form of stimulation? | reflex |
| UNICEF, WHO, and The World Bank collectively estimate that the prevalence of children under age 5 who experience malnutrition is ____________. | one in four |
| Which best describes a newborn's sense of smell? | Highly developed |
| The APGAR is used to assess a newborn's health. What does the acronym APGAR stand for? In other words, what five categories does APGAR assess in a newborn? | Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration |
| Anders is a typical 7-month-old. In terms of locomotion, the best he is able to do is ____________. | sit alone |
| A child with high effortful control is able to maintain focus and is less distractible. | True |
| Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome? | A child who is 3 months old |
| The Babinski reflex is evidence that infants ____________. | perceive touch |
| Marcie sings the same lullaby to her infant son every night because she believes he has learned to recognize it. Does recent research support her claim? | Yes. The child would be able to recognize a particular lullaby. |
| What would be the best example of a fine motor skill? Question 17 options: | using a spoon |
| Which of the following terms is defined as how babies differ in terms of their behavior toward other people, how energetic they are, and how easily they are upset? | temperament |
| Carmine is researching temperament by determining the extent to which different babies can focus attention and not be distracted. Which dimension of temperament is Carmine assessing? | effortful control |
| The mother is distant, dismissive, and often eager to punish her child partly because she subconsciously feels she cannot provide. The child may grow up feeling rejected, stressed, scared, and suffer from emotional isolation. | Avoidant Attachment |
| Yvette is a child who is malnourished. One potential outcome for her parents is that they might ______________. | interact less with Yvette because she is so lethargic |
| An Apgar score of 7 means that ______________ | the baby is in good physical condition and does not require treatment at this time. |
| What criterion is used to indicate malnourishment in children under age 5? | small size for their age |
| If you were going to check for the Babinski reflex in a newborn, which part of the newborn's body would you be observing? | Toes |
| Of all the senses, the sense of smell is probably the least developed in infants. | False |
| Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of thinking? | Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
| According to Piaget, at which stage of cognitive development are most 18-month olds? | sensorimotor |
| Piaget argued that the first reactions by newborns were _________________. | reflexive |
| Piagetians believe that children typically begin to demonstrate the onset of intentional behavior when they are approximately ______________. | 8 months old |
| According to Piaget, active experimentation with the environment is most likely to first emerge in a child who is _____________. | 12 months old |
| Stephen is playing with a toy truck when his mom picks it up and puts it away in a toy box. Stephen turns away and calmly begins playing with another toy. This reaction best illustrates a lack of _____________. | object permanence |
| According to Piaget, which normally developing child would most likely have just begun to engage in preoperational thinking? | A 24-month-old |
| Rubin, who is in the preoperational stage, is looking down a hill. If asked what other children at the bottom of this hill see, how would Rubin most likely respond? | "The same thing I see." |
| In many children's television shows, parts of the setting such as the floor and objects such as globes and chairs can talk, move, and have their own personalities. The fact that many young children view such objects as being "alive" is consistent with | animism |
| Centration is defined as ____ thought. | narrowly focused |
| The conservation of liquid task directly assesses a child's level of _______________. | centration |
| Which of the following strategies would Piaget recommend that teachers use? | Teachers should provide materials with which students can make their own discoveries. |
| One criticism of Piaget's theory is that it _______________. | underestimates the cognitive abilities of infants and overestimates the abilities of adolescents |
| Which is a legitimate criticism of Piaget's theory? | Not enough emphasis on sociocultural influences |
| One-year-old Pierre notices that when their dad watches football on television, he shouts at the screen. The next time a football game come on, Pierre shouts at the screen. Peyton's behavior best exemplifies ________________. | imitation |
| Improvements in infant memory that occur around six months after birth may be the result of development in which area of the brain? | hippocampus |
| A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) ____ memory. | autobiographical |
| Which is the best example of a question designed to assess autobiographical memory? | Who taught you how to ride a bike? |
| How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development? | Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone. |
| Which of the following is the best example of intersubjectivity? | All members of the soccer team know that the main point is to kick a ball into a goal. |
| How would a parent utilize guided participation to improve the math skills of their children? | Have them play math games with siblings who are more advanced in math. |
| If you believed in the concept of the zone of proximal development, what advice should you give to a child who is attempting to learn how to throw a ball? | Tell the child to ask a friend who knows how to throw well to help him or her out. |
| A coach is trying to implement a scaffolding style into his teaching of tennis to Cho, who is having difficulty, and to Sun-Young, who is doing very well. To do this, the coach must | give Cho more assistance and give Sun-Young less assistance. |
| In which of the following teaching strategies is it critical to not give more help than is needed? | scaffolding |
| Vygotsky refers to internal mental remarks while solving a problem as __________. | private speech |
| According to Erikson, what is the foundation of human development? | Trust in self and others |
| Which child has most successfully resolved the "basic trust versus mistrust" stage of psychosocial development? | Fathima, who trusts most people but is still somewhat wary of others |
| According to Dr. Johnson, which disorder seems to be overly-diagnosed in children? | Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| According to Erikson, how do parents establish trust in their 6 month old? | Consistently responding to the child's needs |
| Sadness, anger, and fear are all examples of ________. | basic emotions |
| Compared to Asian children, US children tend to be ________. | more emotionally expressive |
| Which normally developing child would be most likely to have just begun to experience the emotion of anger? | 6 months old |
| Pride, embarrassment, and guilt are all examples of ________. | complex emotions |
| Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of ________. | self |
| A "red flag" for a child during the Play Years would be: | Lack of socialization. |
| In one of Erikson's developmental stages, purpose is achieved with a balance between individual ambition and a willingness to cooperate with others. Which stage best fits this description? | initiative vs guilt |
| Which term describes when a child looks to a caregiver for guidance or assurance when in a new situation? | social referencing |
| When a child walks into the dark basement, he/she feels afraid but are able to calm themself down by saying to themself, "Don't be afraid. There's nothing down here that can hurt you." This child is successfully ________. | regulating emotions. |
| Tony is playing with a ball and Jolisa is playing with a doll. They are each watching what the other is doing but not playing together. Tony and Jolisa are demonstrating ________. | parallel play |
| Two children are both playing with blocks. Though they are playing, they smile at each other and trade blocks from time to time. These children are engaging in ________. | simple social play |
| All of the following are "red flags" during the Play Years except: | Shyness |
| Sherman and Dorian are taking turns playing a memory game on a computer tablet. This is an example of ________ play. | cooperative |
| Which sort of solitary play would most likely be concerning? | Watching other children play without joining them |
| Which word would least likely be found in a description of "boys play?" | Cooperative |
| A child is playing a competitive game with others and attempts to win by saying, "If you try to do well, I will smack you!" What term best describes this statement? | Constricting action |
| Isabel and Mariposa are building a playhouse. Isabel says to Mariposa, "How about I help you with your part, then you help me with mine?" This offer is an example of ________. | an enabling action |
| Hank often has to step in and solve disagreements between his children. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a ________. | mediator |
| In Erikson's developmental stages, this stage gives rise to the will, which is the knowledge that within limits, youngsters can act on their world intentionally. He called this stage: | autonomy vs shame & doubt |
| All acts of behavior that benefits others are called ________. | prosocial behaviors. |
| A child experiences the sadness of a friend after the friend's dog runs away. This child is exhibiting ________. | empathy |
| The ability for young children to engage in prosocial behaviors can be limited by how ________ they are. | egocentric |
| Controlling what one feels and how to communicate feelings is known as: | emotional regulation |
| Compared to their male counterparts, 10-year-old American females are more likely to ________. | be emotionally expressive |
| Which of the following is most likely to happen to a preschool boy whose playmates are mostly boys? | His friends will praise him for building a large block tower, and tease him for playing with dolls. |
| Children are more prosocial and/or empathic when parents: | Model warmth and concern for others, and are cooperative, helpful, and responsive, Use reason while disciplining, stating how children's actions affect others, Provide children opportunities to behave prosocially in and outside the home |
Created by:
hgskaggs