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Chapter 12 Vocab
The chapter 12.1 - 12.3 vocab for marine biology.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| *Ecology | The study of the interactions between the organisms and the environment where they live |
| *Evolutionary Adaptations | The geneetic adaptation of a population to fit its environment by evolution |
| Carrying Capacity | The max population size that can be sustained by the amount of resources available in a given environment |
| Competitive Exclusion | The elimination of a species from another by competition |
| Trophic Cascade | When changes in the abundance of an organism result in changes at other trophic levels in the food chain |
| Inducible Defences | Defence mechanisms that organisms use only in response to predators. |
| *Parasitism | A type of relationship between 2 organisms where one, the parasite, beenfits from the other, the host who is harmed. |
| *Abiotic | A non-living physical or chemical element of an environment |
| *Exponential Growth | Unrestricted population growth where the population grows at a faster rate with each generation. |
| *Limiting Resource | An essentail factor where short supply limits the growth of a population |
| Resource Partitioning | The sharing of resoruces by specialisation |
| Stabilising Selection | Nautral selection that acts agaisnt organisms with extreme expression of a certain trait |
| *Coevolution | The process in which one species evolves in response to another |
| *Mutualism | A relationship between 2 organisms where both benefit |
| *Biotic | A living element within an environment |
| Logistic Growth | Population growth that is limited by biotic or abiotic factors like competition or nutrients |
| *Competition | The interaction of an organism using a resource that is in low supply at the expense of another |
| *Ecological Niche | The full range and set of ecological characterisitcs of a specie like it's feeding habits, prefered habitat, and reproduction methods. |
| Directional Selection | Natrual expression that favours extreme expression of a certain trait |
| Commensal | A relationship between 2 organisms where one organism benefits from the other, the host, while the host is neither harmed nor benefited |
| Recruitment | The entry of young individuals into a population In fisheries biology, into a fished stock |
| *Benthic | Organisms that live on the bottom |
| *Subtidal Zone | The bottom above the continental shelf |
| Hadal Zone | The bottom below 6,000 metres |
| Epipelagic Zone | The pelagic environment from the surface to a depth of 100 to 200 metres |
| Abyssopelagic Zone | The bottom from the depth of approximately 4,000 to 6,000 metres |
| Pelagic | Open water |
| Bathyal Zone | The bottom between the shelf break and a depth of approximately 4,000 metres |
| Neritic Zone | The pelagic envrionment above the continental shelf |
| Mesopelagic Zone | The pelagic environment froma depth of approximately 200 to 1,000 metres |
| Hadopelagic Zone | The pelagic envrionment below 6,000 metres |
| *Intertidal (Littoral) Zone | The area between the highest and lowest tide |
| *Abyssal Zone | The bottom from the depth of approximately 4,000 to 6,000 metres |
| Oceanic Zone | The pelagic environment beyond the shelf break |
| Bathypelagic Zone | The pelagic environment from a depth of 1,000 to 4,000 metres |
| *Food Chain | The steps of transfer of energy from primary producers through consumers |
| *Trophic Pyramid | The pyramid-like relationships found in the pyramids of biomass, energy, and numbers of organisms in a food chain |
| Nutrient Regeneration | The release of nutrients found in organic matter released by decomposers |
| *Net Primary Production | The amount of organic carbon left over to fuel the food web after accounting for a producer's energetic needs |
| Chemical Precipitation | Chemical reactions which convert phosphate into insoluble phosphorus which settles to the sea floor |
| *Trophic Level | Each of the steps in a food chain |
| *Biomass | The total mass of living organisms |
| Productivity | The rate of primary production |
| Standing Stock (Standing Crop) | The total amount, or biomass, of an organism at any given time |
| *Food Web | All of the interconnecting feeding relationships within a community |
| *Detritus | Particles of dead organic matter |
| *Gross Primary Production | The total amount of organic carbon manufactured by primary producers |
| *Denitrification | The conversion of seawater into fresh water |
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