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Electricity Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electricty | The flow of electric charges (usually electrons). |
| Coulomb’s Law | If you rub two balloons on your hair and bring them close, they push away from each other. |
| Attract | To pull objects together. A positively charged object attracts a negatively charged object. |
| Repel | To push objects apart. Two negatively charged balloons push away from each other. |
| Conductivity | How easily electricity can flow through a material. Copper wire has high conductivity, so it’s used in electrical wiring. |
| Electrical Current | The flow of electric charges through a wire or circuit. When you turn on a flashlight, electric current flows from the battery to the bulb. |
| Insulator | A material that does NOT allow electricity to flow easily. Rubber around wires keeps you from getting shocked. |
| Static Electricity | A buildup of electric charges on an object that does not move. When you rub your feet on carpet and touch a doorknob, you may feel a small shock. |
| Ohm's Law | A rule that explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Formula is V = I × R If resistance increases, current decreases (like squeezing a hose makes less water flow). |
| Parallel Circuit | A circuit with more than one path for electricity to flow. In your house, lights are wired in parallel so if one burns out, the others stay on. |
| Series Circuit | A circuit with only one path for electricity to flow. Old holiday lights were in series—if one bulb went out, they all went out. |
| Switch | A device that opens or closes a circuit. A light switch stops or allows electricity to flow to a bulb. |
| Poles | The positive (+) and negative (–) ends of a battery or magnet. A battery has a positive pole and a negative pole. |
| Voltage | The push that moves electric charges through a circuit. A 1.5-volt battery pushes electricity through a flashlight. |
| Resistance | How much a material slows down electric current. A thin wire has more resistance than a thick wire. |
| Electric Circuit | A complete, closed path that allows electricity to flow. A battery, wires, and a bulb connected in a loop make a simple circuit. |
| Electromagnet | A magnet made by running electricity through a wire wrapped around metal. A nail wrapped in wire connected to a battery becomes magnetic. |
| Electric Motor | A device that uses electricity to create motion. A fan uses an electric motor to spin the blades. |
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