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ADRENERGICS AND ADRE
ADRENERGICS AND ADRENERGIC (Chapt 17 -- Test 2--ATC)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alpha1 (Effects of adrenergic receptor sites) (5) | 1.Increase cardiac contractility 2.vasoconstriction 3.Dilate pupils 4.decrease salivary gland secretion 5.Increase bladder and prostate contraction |
| Alpha2 (Effects of adrenergic receptor sites) (3) | 1.Inhibit norepinephrine release 2.Promotes vasodilation 3.Decrease GI motility and tone |
| Beta1 (Effects of adrenergic receptor sites) (2) | 1.Increase cardiac contractility, P 2.Increase renin secretion, BP |
| Beta2 (Effects of adrenergic receptor sites) (5) | 1.Decreases GI tone and motility 2.Bronchodilation 3.Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles 4.Decreases uterine tone 5.Activates liver glycogenolysis (Increases blood glucose) |
| Dopaminergic (Effects of adrenergic receptor sites) (1) | Vasodilation (Increases blood flow) |
| Neurotransmitter Inactivation (3) | 1.Reuptake of transmitter 2.Enzymatic transformation or degradation (MAO inside neuron, COMT outside neuron) 3.Diffusion away from the transmitter |
| Drugs halt termination of neurotransmitter (2) | 1.By inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake 2.By inhibiting norepinephrine degradation |
| Classification of Adrenergics/Sympathomimetics (3, ex of each) | 1.Direct-acting (Epinephrine) 2.Indirect-acting (Amphetamine) 3.Mixed-acting (Ephedrine) |
| Catecholamines (2 types, ex of each) | 1.Endogenous (Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) 2.Synthetic (Isoproterenol, dobutamine) |
| Noncatecholamines (a=how compared to the types of Catecholamines, b= ex (3) | a.Most have longer duration of action then endogenous and synthetic b.(Phenylephrine, metaproterenol, albuterol ) |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (Selective or Nonselective) | Nonselective |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (Action) (3) | 1.Alpha1 increases the blood pressure 2.Beta1 increases heart rate 3.Beta2 promotes bronchodilation |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (Contraindications and caution) (4) | 1.Cardiac dysrhythmias 2.hypertension 3.Hyperthyroidism 4.Pregnancy |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Action (3) (board terms-one word for each) | 1.Inotropic 2.Vasoconstrictor 3.Bronchodilator |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Uses (5) | 1.Anaphylaxis 2.anaphylactic shock 3.Bronchospasms 4.Cardiogenic shock 5.cardiac arrest |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Side effects/adverse reactions (5) | 1.Cardiac dysrhythmias 2.Hypotension 3.flushing 4.reflex tachycardia 5.Decrease renal perfusion |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Drug interaction (2) | 1.Beta-blockers (βBs) (Decreases epinephrine action) 2.Digoxin (Causes cardiac dysrhythmias) |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Nursing Interventions (4) (Pt 1) (monitor-2 , report, antidote) | 1.Monitor BP, P, urine output 2.Report tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, dizziness, hypertension 3.Monitor IV site for infiltration 4. (Antidote: phentolamine mesylate (Regitine) |
| Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Nursing Interventions (3) (Pt 2) (avoid) | 1..Avoid cold medications/diet pills if hypertensive, diabetic, CAD, or dysrhythmias 2..Avoid adrenergics when nursing infants 3..Avoid continuous use of adrenergic nasal sprays |
| Albuterol (Proventil) Selective (2) | 1.Acts on β2 adrenergic receptors 2.Promotes bronchodilation |
| Albuterol (Proventil) Uses (4) | 1.Treat bronchospasm 2. asthma 3. bronchitis 4.COPD |
| Albuterol (Proventil) Caution (5) | 1.Severe cardiac disease 2.Hypertension 3. hyperthyroidism 4.Diabetes mellitus, 5.pregnancy |
| Albuterol (Proventil) Side effects/adverse reactions (7) | 1.Tremors 2.Nervousness 3.restlessness Dizziness 4. reflex tachycardia 5.Hallucinations 6.Cardiac dysrhythmias |
| Albuterol (Proventil) Drug interaction (2) | 1.May increase effect with other sympathomimetics, MAO inhibitors & tricyclic antidepressants 2.Antagonize effect with βBs |
| Adrenergic Blockers | Block effects of adrenergic neurotransmitter (Block alpha and beta receptor sites ) |
| Adrenergic Blockers (2 ways) | 2.Indirectly: by inhibiting release of neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Alpha1 (Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors) (6) | 1.Vasodilation 2.decrease BP 3.reflex tachycardia 4.Pupil constriction 5.Suppresses ejaculation 6.Reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate |
| Beta1 (Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors) (2) | 1.Reduces cardiac contractility 2.Decreases pulse |
| Beta2 (Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors) (3) | 1.bronchoconstriction 2.Contracts uterus 3.Inhibits glycogenolysis |
| Alpha Blockers | Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site |
| Alpha Blockers (Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site)(Selective) | Block alpha1 |
| Alpha Blockers (Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site) Nonselective | Block alpha1 and alpha2 |
| Alpha Blockers (Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site) Action | Promotes vasodilation |
| Alpha Blockers (Drugs that inhibit a response at alpha-adrenergic receptor site) Use | Decrease symptoms of BPH, PVD |
| Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Beta-blockers (βBs)) actions | Decrease BP and P |
| Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Nonselective beta blockers) (2) | Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Nonselective beta blockers) (2) 1..Blocks beta1 (Decrease BP and P) 2.Blocks beta2 (Bronchostriction) |
| Propranolol HCl (Inderal) | Beta-Adrenergic Blockers |
| Propranolol HCl (Inderal) (Beta-Adrenergic Blockers) (Uses)(4) | 1.Angina 2.cardiac dysrhythmias 3.hypertension 4.heart failure |
| Nonselective propranolol | Beta-Adrenergic Blockers |
| Nonselective propranolol (Contraindications) | COPD |
| Nonselective propranolol (Side effects/adverse reactions ) (4) | 1.Weight gain 2.Impotence 3.decreased libido 4.reversible alopecia |
| Nonselective propranolol (Drug interactions ) (2) | 1.Decreased drug effects with phenytoin, isoproterenol, NSAIDs, barbiturates, caffeine, theophylline 2.Heart block may occur with digoxin, calcium channel blockers |
| Selective beta blockers | Blocks beta1 only (Decrease BP and P, Fewer side effects) |
| Selective beta blockers (2 generic with brand names) | 1.Metoprolol (Lopressor) 2.atenolol (Tenormin) |
| Selective beta blockers (Side effects/adverse reactions) (13) | 1.Bradycardia 2.hypotension 3.Dysrhythmias 4.headaches 5.dizziness 6.fainting 7.fatigue, 8.mental depression 9.Nausea 10.vomiting 11.Diarrhea 12. blood dyscrasias 13. hypoglycemia |
| Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Drug interactions) (3) | 1.Decreased effects with NSAIDs 2.Increased effects with prazosin, terazosin, atropine, anticholinergics 3.Increased risk of hypoglycemia (Insulin, sulfonylureas) |
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers (Subdivision of adrenergic blockers) (use) | Decrease BP |
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers (Subdivision of adrenergic blockers) Examples (2) (generic with brand name) | 1.Guanethidine (Ismelin) 2.Guanadrel (Hylorel) |
Created by:
cmcohen
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