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Cell Vocabulary
Learn about cells and stuff! yeah.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms; often called the "building block of life |
| Cell Theory | The fundamental idea that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Cell Wall | A rigid, protective outer layer found outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
| Cell Membrane | A thin, flexible, selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits |
| Nucleus | The control center of the eukaryotic cell that contains the majority of the cell's genetic material (DNA). |
| Organelle | A specialized sub-unit within a cell that has a specific function, much like an organ in the body. |
| Ribsome | A small structure responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together. |
| Nucleic Acid | Complex organic substances, such as DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain (essential for genetic information). |
| Selectively Permeable | A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across while others cannot. |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like fluid (cytosol) and organelles that fill the inside of a cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
| Mitochondria | Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell; organelles that convert energy from food into ATP through cellular respiration. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | A network of membranes involved in producing and transporting proteins (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER). |
| Golgi Apparatus | A stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis. |
| Lysosome | A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials and cellular debris |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all organisms. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy (e.g., diffusion). |
| Active Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP). |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. |
| Organ | A structure composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a complex task (e.g., the heart or stomach. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform one or more major functions in the body (e.g., the digestive system). |
| Endocytosis: | The process by which a cell takes in materials by engulfing them in a section of the cell membrane that pinches off to form a vesicle. |
| Exocytosis | The process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by fusing a vesicle with the cell membrane. |
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